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Rumon's English Care
GRAMMAR

ADJECTIVE

Md. Rokon Uddin (Rumon)

Adjective ( বিশেষণ ) : যে Word দ্বারা Noun বা Pronoun এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা, পরিমান ও সংখ্যা বুঝায় তাকে Adjective বলে । যেমন : 1. She is a beautiful girl. 2. My Shirt is green. 3. You have three pens. 4. Belal is ill.

Adjective এর প্রকারভেদ : Adjective চার প্রকার । যথা :
i. Adjective of quality ( গুনবাচক বিশেষণ )
ii. Adjective of quantity ( পরিমাণ বাচক বিশেষণ )
iii. Adjective of number ( সংখ্যা বাচক বিশেষণ )
iv. Pronominal Adjective ( সম্বন্ধ বাচক বিশেষণ )
i. Adjective of quality ( গুনবাচক বিশেষণ ) : যে সকল Adjective কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুুর দোষ, গুণ ও অবস্থা প্রকাশ করে তাকে Adjective of quality বলে । যেমন : beautiful, bad, good, ill ইত্যাদি ।
ii. Adjective of quantity ( পরিমাণ বাচক বিশেষণ ) : যে Adjective দ্বারা কোন বস্তুুর পরিাণ বুঝায় তাকে Adjective of quantity বলে । যেমন : some, little, many, much, enough ইত্যাদি ।
iii. Adjective of number ( সংখ্যা বাচক বিশেষণ ) : যে Adjective দ্বারা কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুুর সংখ্যা বুঝায় তাকে Adjective of number বলে । যেমন : Two, Three, Ten, nine ইত্যাদি।
iv. Pronominal Adjective ( সম্বন্ধ বাচক বিশেষণ ) : যে Adjective কোন Noun এর পূর্বে বসে ঐ Noun এর সাথে সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করে তাকে Pronominal Adjective বলে । যেমন : 1. This is my pen. 2. That is her book. 3. This is your pencil. এখানে my, her ও your যথাক্রমে Noun pen, book ও pencil এর পূর্বে বসে এদের সাথে সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করেছ , এগুলো হল Pronominal Adjective.
Types of Adjective:
1. Numeral Adjectives: Indicates Number/ Adjective of Quantity: One, two, five, ten, first, Second, third, tenth, twelfth, last, all some, few, each, most, many, no, several are common examples of numeral adjectives.
He gave me some books. Here some is ——- numeral adjective.
Few students come to school today.  The underlined word is ———- numeral adjective.
Numeral Adjectives are of two types 
i. Definite numeral adjective: Noun এর নির্দিষ্ট সংখ্যা বা পর্যায় বুঝায়। যেমন: One, three, first, second, single, double, triple etc.
(a)Cardinal Number              : One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, etc.
(b) Ordinal Number               : First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth etc.
(c) Multiplicative Number    : Single, Double, Triple, Quadruple, five-fold etc.
ii. Indefinite Numeral Adjective: Noun এর অনির্দিষ্ট সংখ্যক বুঝায়। যেমন: several, many, some, no, few
For example:
Few students come to school today.
He is a man of few words.
2. Demonstrative Adjective: Demonstrative adjective are adjectives that are used to modify a noun so that we can know which specific person, place or thing mentioned.
Examples of Demonstrative Adjectives in Sentences: 
  • Give me that blue water bottle.
  • Say the same thing twice over.
  • This time I won’t fail you.
  • I want those gorgeous marbles.
  • I cannot give you money at this moment.

3. Distributive Adjective: Distributive adjectives show that the things and persons are counted collectively. They refer to members of a group as individuals. Distributive adjectives একাধিক ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর প্রক্যেককে নির্দেশ করে।

List of Distributive adjectives: each, every, either, neither, any, one, both

For Example:

Every man is potential.

I shall support neither party.

3. Pronominal Adjective: Pronoun যখন কোন Noun এর পূর্বে বসে adjective এর মতকাজ করে।

Pronominal adjectives that may be used as pronouns.

For Example: this, that, these, those, former, latter, both, same, you, yonder, all, any, another, certain, divers, enough, few, little, many much, no, one, own, other, several, some, sundry, which, whichever, whichsover, what, whatever, what, whatever, whatsover, his, her, my, our, yours, its, their, whose etc.

For Example:

  • This pen is mine.
  • Both players are good.
  • Which pen have you bought?
  • What pictures are these?
  • These horses are larger than those.

4. Interrogative Adjective: “Interrogative” means to question. Interrogative adjectives that modify nouns when there is a question about which one, what kind or how many.”

Interrogative Pronoun (Whose, Which, What) যখন Noun এর আগে বসে প্রশ্ন করে।

For Example: 

  • Which house…………
  • What dessert ………..
  • Whose chair …………

** Which colour do you like best?

***  Which car is yours? (Interrogative Pronoun)

*** Which is yours? (Pronoun)

5. Relative Adjective: What, Which, Whom, Whose, Whichever, Whatever, etc যখন বাক্যের মধ্যবর্তী Noun এর আগে বসে adjective এর মতকাজ করে।

For Example:

  • Do you know what languages she speaks?
  • Saiful asked me which pen I liked.
  • We’ll have to say in whatever hotel we can find.
  • Whichever team wins, he’ll be a happy man.

6. Emphasizing Adjectives: Emphasizing adjectives are words that are used to emphasize nouns. Very, Own  শব্দদ্বয় জোরসূচক Emphasizing Adjectives হিসেবে প্রয়োগ হয়। 

For Example:

  • Perfect gentleman
  • Complete solution
  • Positive attitude

7. Possessive Adjective: The possessive adjectives are my, your, his, her, its, our, their, owns, it.

For Example:

  • This is her/my/his pen.
  • She likes your hat.
  • The child cried for its mother.

More Adjectives:

i. Qualitative Adjectives: These adjectives identify the qualities which someone or something has.

For Example:

  • Wise decision
  • Bright morning
  • Nice idea
  • Bad weather

ii. Classifying Adjectives : These identify someone or something as a member of a class.

For Example:

  • Financial Help
  • Daily Newspaper
  • Absolute majority

Some adjectives could be both classifying and qualitative.

iii. Colour Adjectives: It indicates the colour of something.

For example: 

  • White paper
  • Blue shirt
  • Green field
  • Black rose

iv. Adjective of Quantity:

For Example: any, half, whole, huge, little, etc

v. – ing adjectives: These adjectives are normally qualitative adjectives. The other main group of ‘ing adjectives’ are used to describe a process or state that continues over a period of time.

Example:

  • A rolling stone gathers no moss.
  • In the last ten years there has been an alarming increase in the average temperature.
  • This has caused devastating effects in plantation.
  • A surprising number of people are experiencing difficulties with their firming.
  • In Bangladesh there are convincing examples of coping with the problems of draughts.
  • Challenging initiatives are to be taken soon to address the threatening impact of the high temperature.
  • The rising looks inspiring.

vi. – ed Adjectives: Have the same from as the past participle of a verb others are formed by adding – ed to a noun.

For Example: 

  • a burnt child
  • a frightened person
  • an edited copy
  • a spoilt child
  • devoted student

vii. Irregular Adjectives: Good, well, evil, bad, ill, much, many, old, high. near, far, late, hind, in, out, after, over, under, neither, and so on.

SEQUENCE OF ADJECTIVES

NUMBER                  : Three

OPINION                  : Beautiful

SIZE                            : Small

AGE                             : Old

SHAPE                        : Rectangular

COLOUR                    : Brown

ORIGIN                      : Indian

MATERIAL                : Wooden

PURPOSE                   : Study

 

 

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