Complex Sentence to Simple Sentence

Complex sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম নিচে বর্ণিত হলো 

 

Rule 1:

যখন since/as/when সহ complex sentence এর দুটি clause এর subject একই হয় এবং উভয় clause এর main verb থাকে, তবে simple sentence এই formula follow করবে: 1st clause এর Verb+ ing + verb এর বাকি অংশ + comma + 1st clause এর subject + বাকি অংশ ।

Example:

Complex: Since I was ill, I could not attend the meeting.

Simple: Being ill, I could not attend the meeting.

Complex: As I performed very well, I got the first prize.

Simple: Performing very well, I got the first prize.

Complex: When the criminal saw the police, he ran away.

Simple: Seeing the police, the criminal ran away.

Exception:

Complex: When the chicken curry arrived, we started having lunch.

Simple: On the arrival of the chicken curry, we started having lunch.

Rule 2:

যখন complex sentence এর দুটি clause এর subject ভিন্ন হয় এবং am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had থাকে, তবে simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow করবে:

since/as/when উঠিয়ে দেবে + am/is/are/was/were এর পরিবর্তে being অথবা has/have/had এর পরিবর্তে having ব্যবহার করবে + ২য় clause ।

Example:

Complex: ‍ Since the weather was very bad, we did not start the journey.

Simple: The weather being very bad, we did not start the journey.

Complex: When the show was over, we came back home.

Simple: The show being over, we came back home.

Rule 3:

যখন দুটি clause এর subject একই হয় এবং subordinate clause এর be verb (am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had) থাকে, তবে simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow করবে:

since/as এর পরিবর্তে because of+ ১ম clause এর subject এর possessive form + (am/is/are/was/were) এর পরিবর্তে being অথবা (has/have/had) এর পরিবর্তে having ব্যবহার করবে + comma+ ২য় clause ।

Example: ‍

Complex: Since he was ill, he could not come.

Simple: Because being ill, he could not come.

Complex: He was loved by all, as he had honesty.

Simple: He was loved by all, because of his having honesty.

Rule  4:

যখন complex sentence এ relative pronoun থাকে, তখন simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow করবে:

প্রথম থেকে relative pronoun পর্যন্ত লিখতে হবে + relative pronoun উঠে যাবে + be verb উঠে যাবে + the main verb + ing + বাকি অংশ ।

Example: ‍

Complex: The doctor lived in a quarter that belonged to the hospital.

Simple: The doctor lived in a quarter belonging to the hospital.

Complex: A cow that is very strong can plow this land.

Simple: A cow being very strong can plow his land.

Complex: The students who study seriously can get good marks.

Simple: The students studying seriously can get good marks.

Rule 5:

যদি complex sentence এ “when” থাকে যা সময়ের পরিমাপ বোঝায় তবে একে simple করার সময়, when উঠে যাবে+ when এর পরের ‍ subject ও verb উঠে যাবে + ছোট সময় at/in + ‍ season (যদি উল্লেখ থাকে) + age থাকলে at the age of + বাকি অংশ।

Example: ‍

Complex: When it was midnight, I was awakened by the sound of construction.

Simple: At midnight I was awakened by the sound of construction.

Complex: When it is summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.

Simple: In summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.

Complex: When he was six, he left the country.

Simple: At the age of six, he left the country.

But if the when doesn’t mean time rather it means that something is going on, then At the time of + Verb+ ing + the rest.

কিন্তু যদি when সময় না বুঝিয়ে কোন কিছু ঘটছে তা বোঝায় তবে, At the time of + Verb+ ing + বাকি অংশ, এই নিয়ম ব্যবহার হবে ।

Example: ‍

Complex: When it was raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.

Simple: At the time of raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.

When the personal subject is used in the subordinate clause, the simple sentence will use a possessive pronoun.

যখন subordinate clause এ personal subject ব্যবহৃত হয়, তখন simple sentence, possessive pronoun ব্যবহার করে

Example: ‍

Complex: When they were studying, the teacher came.

Simple: At the time of their studying, the teacher came.

Complex: When I was having tea, she came.

Simple: At the time of my having tea, she came.

Rule 6:

Negative conditional complex sentence যাতে if থাকে, তা ‍ simple করতে এই নিয়ম ব্যবহার করা হয়: Without+ Verb+ ing + ২য় clause ।

Example: ‍

Complex: If you do not struggle in life, you cannot achieve your goal.

Simple: Without struggling in life, you cannot achieve your goal.

Complex: If you do not study hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.

Simple: Without studying hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.

If the clause is affirmative then by is used replacing without.

যদি clause টি affirmative হয়, without এর পরিবর্তে by ব্যবহৃত হয় ।

Example: ‍

Complex: If you work hard, you will get promotion quickly.

Simple: By working hard, you will get promotion quickly.

Rule 7:

যদি complex sentence এ “so that” থাকে তবে, simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow করবে: শুরু থেকে so পর্যন্ত লিখতে হবে + “so that “থেকে may/might/can/could পর্যন্ত উঠে যাবে + to + sentence এর বাকি অংশ ।

Example: ‍

Complex: The student studied hard so that he could get good marks on the exam.

Simple: The student studied hard to get good marks on the exam.

Complex: The singer is trying hard so that she can get the national award.

Simple: The singer is trying hard to get the national award.

Rule 8:

যদি complex sentence এ “so……that” form থাকে তবে, simple sentence এই নিয়ম follow করবে:

so এর জায়গায় too বসবে + that এর আগে পর্যন্ত একই জিনিস বসবে + that থেকে not পর্যন্ত অংশ উঠে যাবে + to + বাকি অংশ।

Example: ‍

Complex: ‍He is so sick that he cannot come.

Simple: He is too weak to come.

 

Rule 9:

যখন complex sentence এ though/although থাকে, একে simple form এ নিতে এই নিয়ম follow করতে হয়:

Though/although এর স্থানে In spite of ব্যবহার হবে + subject এর possessive form + am/is/are/was/were এর স্থানে being অথবা has/have/had এর স্থানে having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার হবে + বাকি অংশ + ২য় clause

 

 

Complex to Simple

1.Though/Although: In spite of / Despite+ Sub(possessive) + to be verb (am/is/are, was/were) =being Have / has = having + rest of the sentence.

Example: Though he was weak, he went to school.

= Despite/ In spite of his being weak, he went to school.

Despite/ In spite of his weakness, he went to school.

Though he had qualifications, he did not get a job.

= Despite/ In spite of his having good qualification, he did not get a good job.

Exercise: 1. Though he worked hard, he failed in the examination.

2. Though the man has much riches, he wants more.
3. Though the weather was bad, they went out to search him.

 

2. Subjective + relative pronoun + principal verb : Subject + Omit (Who/ Which/ That) + Verb (ing) + Rest Sentence.

Example: The tree that stands before the house has grown old.

=The tree standing before the house has grown old.

The boy who is begging from door to door is an orphan.

= The boy begging from door to door in an orphan.

The car which has been imported from Japan is working well.

= The car imported from Japan is working well.

Exercise: 1. The boy who is playing football in the field is my younger brother.

2. The pen which brought from you was not good at all.
3.    The write lived in a cabin which belonged to the orphanage.

 

3. Since/ As/ When : 1^st sentence verb (present participle) + 2^nd sentence with 1^st sentence Subject+ rest of the sentence.

Example: Since the old man killed the bird, he brought bad luck to the crew.

= Killing the bird, the old man brought bad luck to the crew.

When the thief saw the police, he ran away.

= Seeing the police, the thief ran away.

Exercise: 1. As I had forgotten him, I went out.

2. Since the weather was rough, they could not go out for playing.
3. When the lady guest found the writer, she overwhelmed with joy.
4. Since I have no money, I cannot pay the bill.

 

4. Since/ As: Because of + Subject (Possessive) + (am/is/are, was/were= being & have/has/had = having) + rest of the sentence, +comma+ 2^nd sentence.

Example: Since he was poor, he could not pay the bill.

= Because of his being poor, he could not pay the bill.

As the man has not enough money, he cannot give them anything.

= Because of having no money, the man cannot give them anything.

Exercise: 1. As Selim had integrity, he was loved by the authoress.

2. Since he was small, he could not work hard.
3. Since the writer was too young, he could not say no to woman.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. When: Small time = at/in, Season = in, Age = at the age + 1^st clause Omit subject& verb + 2^nd clause with subject.

Example: When it was daylight, I was half awakened by the sound of chopping.

= At daylight, I was half awakened by the sound of chopping.

When it is spring, the cuckoo sings.

= In spring the cuckoo sings.

Exercise: 1. When it was raining, he woke up.

2. When he was four, he left the village.
3. When it is morning, we go out for morning walk.

 

6. What: Sub+ Verb+ Omit What + Possessive+ rest of the sentence with noun.

Example: I know what his name is.

= I know his name.

Exercise: 1. I know what his address is.

2. I know what their intention was.

 

7. If: Without + If clause (verb+ing) + 2^nd clause.

Example: If you do not work hard, you will not prosper in life.

= Without working hard, you will not proper in life.

Exercise: 1. If you do not read attentively, you will not get GPA 5.

2. If you are not sincere, you will not proper in life.
3. If you do not have vast knowledge, you will not be able to answer all questions.

 

Condition: (positive)  If: By + If clause (verb+ing) + 2^nd clause.

Example: If you read attentively, you will make a good result.

= By reading attentively, you will make a good result.

Exercise: 1.If you follow my instructions, you will get good result.

2. If you work hard, you can succeed in life.

 

8. So that : To

Example: I read more so that I can make good result.

= I read more to make good result.

Exercise: 1. I read biology so that I could be a doctor.

2. I want to got book market so that I can buy some books.

 

9. So …….. that: too — to

Example: He is so weak that he cannot walk.

= He is too weak to walk.

Exercise:

1.The man was so short that he could not touch the roof.

2. The boy is so intelligent that he can answer all the questions.
3. The sums were so tough that we could not answer those.

 

10. It is certain: certainly, It is sure that = surely, It was sudden= suddenly,

 

Exercise: 1. It was sudden that his father died.

2. It is certain that he will come.
3.     It is sure that he has done it.

Example: ‍

Complex: Though she was sick, she worked very hard.

Simple: In spite of her being sick, she worked very hard.

Complex: Although he has a lot of books, he wants to buy more.

Simple: In spite of his having a lot of books, he wants to buy more.

Exercise:

1. Though they played well, they could not win the game.
2. As the sky was overcast with clouds, the flight was cancelled.
3. When it was dead of night, he woke up.
4. When the sun was shining hot, they stopped playing.
5. Though he has much money, he leads a very simple life.
6. Though she had beauty, she was not proud at all.
7. Since the spoke the truth, he was rewarded.
8. Since he got scholarship, everyone spoke high of him.
9. When it is spring, flowers bloom in plenty.
10. When it was morning, it was raining heavily.
11. When I was eating, the phone rang.
12. He read more so that he could make a good result.
13. The water was so salty that we could not drink it.
14. He learns English so that he can get a good job.
15. The boy who is walking on the street was hit by a bus.
16. He called the man who is walking on the street.
17. I know the man who was driving the car.
18. The man bought a house that was costly.
19. He cannot buy things which are expensive.
20. The boy who works hard can shine in life.
21. Since the boy work hard, he shone in life.
22. As the shirt is costly, I cannot buy it.
23. He declared that he was innocent.
24. I was admitted to school when I was five.
25. He acted as a wise man does.
26. I told him that he should be brief.
27. It is known when he will arrive.
28. You came here when you were only four.
29. I have no money that I can spare.
30. I admit that he is a great poet.
31. If you read more you will know more.
32. A man who is drowning catches at a straw.
33. We eat so that we may live.
34. I am sure that he will succeed.
35. Makka is the place where the holy prophet was born.
36. I shall pay now for what you have done.
37. I know what his intention is.
38. That he is honest is known to all.
39. I knew what they cost.
40. We know where Nazrul Islam was born.