Unit: 11; Lesson 2: Renewable energy sources -2
In a speech at the 90th Science Congress, internationally acknowledged scientist and former Indian president Mr APJ Abdul Kalam mentioned a very important aspect of mankindâs future energy crisis.
āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻŦ āĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ ā§¯ā§Ļ āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
He pointed out that the era of wood and bio-mass has almost come to an end. The age of oil and natural gas would soon be over within the next few decades.
āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§, āĻāĻžāĻ āĻÂ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§ āĻļā§āĻˇ āĻšā§ā§ āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§ā§āĻ āĻĻāĻļāĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻļā§āĻˇ āĻšā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Massive burning of worldâs coal reserves may lead to a worldwide ecological disaster because coal burning emits the highest amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§ āĻŽāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§ā§āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻā§Â āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§ā§āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ§āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§, āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻĒā§ā§āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžā§ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
So according to Kalam, the only solution that mankind can look to is the massive use of solar energy in future because it has some advantages over other forms of renewable energies.
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§, āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻŦāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž, āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨āĻŦāĻžā§āĻ¨āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ°āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
Now why has Kalam put so much importance to the issue of energy? The energy sources have always been a major factor of change throughout history.
āĻāĻāĻ¨, āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ° āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ§āĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻā§āĻ¨? āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
The worldâs petroleum consumption has increased from annually 3 billion barrels in 1930 to annually 50 billion barrels today. In the next quarter century, the worldâs population is expected to be about 8 billion which is 30 percent higher than today.
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Developing countries will grow their economies about two times faster than industrialized countries. Global economic growth is expected to continue at 3 percent per year. Consequently, the global demand for energy will grow at about 1.7 percent per year on an average.
āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻļā§āĻ˛ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻĻāĻļāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ āĻĨāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻŦā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻļāĻ¤āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻāĻžā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻĻāĻž āĻā§ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻāĻ° āĻļāĻ¤āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§§.ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
It indicates a 50 percent rise of energy consumption by 2030. If the worldâs daily petroleum consumption is 220 million barrels now, it will rise to 335 million barrels by that time.
ā§¨ā§Ļā§Šā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¤āĻž āĻļāĻ¤āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻŋā§āĻžāĻŽāĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻāĻ¨ ā§¨ā§¨ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻž ā§¨ā§Ļā§Šā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ ā§Šā§Šā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
The present reserve of hydro-carbon energy resources is limited and it will not be sufficient to meet the future energy challenges of the world.
āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻšāĻā§āĻžā§ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻĻāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
And hence, leading industrial countries have taken initiatives to tap alternative energy sources mainly known as green or renewable energy sources.
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The bottom line of Kalamâs speech indicates that concern of mankind in the 21st the century.
āĻāĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻļ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸ā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻŦ āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇ āĻāĻĨāĻžāĨ¤
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
01. Acknowledge (v)
02. Former (adj) 03. Mention (v) 04. Aspect (n) 05. Decade (n) 06. Reserve (n) 07. Disaster (n) 08. Emit (v) 09. Consumption (n) 10. Expect (v) 11. Consequently (adv) 12. Sufficient (adj) 13. Initiatives (v) 14. Alternative (adj) 15. Concern (n) |
ā§Ļā§§. āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž
ā§Ļā§¨. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨, āĻā§āĻ¤āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦ ā§Ļā§Š. āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§Ļā§Ē. āĻāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻāĻžāĻŦ, āĻĻāĻŋāĻ ā§Ļā§Ģ. āĻĻāĻļāĻ ā§Ļā§Ŧ. āĻŽāĻā§āĻ¤ ā§Ļā§. āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§ ā§Ļā§Ž. āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§Ļā§¯. āĻāĻĒāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž, āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻāĻļāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§§ā§§. āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖāĻžāĻŽā§, āĻĢāĻ˛ā§ ā§§ā§¨. āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ ā§§ā§Š. āĻĒāĻĻāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻĒ ā§§ā§Ē. āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻ |