SSCSSC Seen

Unit: 11; Lesson 2: Renewable energy sources -2

In a speech at the 90th Science Congress, internationally acknowledged scientist and former Indian president Mr APJ Abdul Kalam mentioned a very important aspect of mankind’s future energy crisis.

āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§€ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻœāĻ¨āĻžāĻŦ āĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻœā§‡ āĻ†āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ ā§¯ā§Ļ āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

He pointed out that the era of wood and bio-mass has almost come to an end. The age of oil and natural gas would soon be over within the next few decades.

āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻ•āĻžāĻ  āĻ“  āĻœā§ˆāĻŦ āĻ¯ā§ŒāĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻ— āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ•ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ• āĻĻāĻļāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻ— āĻļāĻŋāĻ—āĻ—āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

Massive burning of world’s coal reserves may lead to a worldwide ecological disaster because coal burning emits the highest amount of carbon in the atmosphere.

āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§€ āĻŽāĻœā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§ŸāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒā§‹ā§œāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ•ā§‡Â  āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•ā§ŸāĻ˛āĻž āĻĒā§‹ā§œāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšā§āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžā§Ÿā§āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

So according to Kalam, the only solution that mankind can look to is the massive use of solar energy in future because it has some advantages over other forms of renewable energies.

āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Žā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§ŒāĻ°āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž, āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨āĻŦāĻžā§ŸāĻ¨āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

Now why has Kalam put so much importance to the issue of energy? The energy sources have always been a major factor of change throughout history.

āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŦā§āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨? āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§œā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§Ÿ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

The world’s petroleum consumption has increased from annually 3 billion barrels in 1930 to annually 50 billion barrels today. In the next quarter century, the world’s population is expected to be about 8 billion which is 30 percent higher than today.

ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§€ āĻĒā§‡āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻŽāĻœāĻžāĻ¤ āĻĻāĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋā§ŸāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡, āĻ¤āĻž āĻ†āĻœāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻžā§āĻšāĻžāĻļ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋā§ŸāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĻāĻžā§œāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻāĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻāĻ•-āĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋā§ŸāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĻāĻžāĻā§œāĻžāĻŦā§‡, āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻļāĻ¤āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻļ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤

Developing countries will grow their economies about two times faster than industrialized countries. Global economic growth is expected to continue at 3 percent per year. Consequently, the global demand for energy will grow at about 1.7 percent per year on an average.

āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§ŸāĻ¨āĻļā§€āĻ˛ āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ° āĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻĻāĻļāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻĨāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ—āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻŦā§ˆāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻļāĻ¤āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻŦāĻœāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§ˆāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻšāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻĻāĻž āĻ—ā§œā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻļāĻ¤āĻ•āĻ°āĻž ā§§.ā§­ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

It indicates a 50 percent rise of energy consumption by 2030. If the world’s daily petroleum consumption is 220 million barrels now, it will rise to 335 million barrels by that time.

ā§¨ā§Ļā§Šā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻļāĻ¤āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻžā§āĻšāĻžāĻļ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§ˆāĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻĒā§‡āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻŽāĻœāĻžāĻ¤ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ ā§¨ā§¨ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋā§ŸāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻž ā§¨ā§Ļā§Šā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ ā§Šā§Šā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋā§ŸāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

The present reserve of hydro-carbon energy resources is limited and it will not be sufficient to meet the future energy challenges of the world.

āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻĄā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻœā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ—ā§‹āĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻšāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻĻāĻž āĻĒā§‚āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤

And hence, leading industrial countries have taken initiatives to tap alternative energy sources mainly known as green or renewable energy sources.

āĻ¸ā§‡āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŦā§āĻœ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŦāĻžā§ŸāĻ¨āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻĒ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

The bottom line of Kalam’s speech indicates that concern of mankind in the 21st the century.

āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ—āĻ‡ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻœāĻ¨āĻžāĻŦ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāĨ¤

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
01.  Acknowledge (v)

02.  Former (adj)

03.  Mention (v)

04.  Aspect (n)

05.  Decade (n)

06.  Reserve (n)

07.  Disaster (n)

08.  Emit (v)

09.  Consumption (n)

10.  Expect (v)

11.  Consequently (adv)

12.  Sufficient (adj)

13.  Initiatives (v)

14.  Alternative (adj)

15.  Concern (n)

ā§Ļā§§. āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§Ļā§¨. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨, āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ

ā§Ļā§Š. āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§Ļā§Ē. āĻ†āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ, āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•

ā§Ļā§Ģ. āĻĻāĻļāĻ•

ā§Ļā§Ŧ. āĻŽāĻœā§āĻ¤

ā§Ļā§­. āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§Ÿ

ā§Ļā§Ž. āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§Ļā§¯. āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ­ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻž, āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°

ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§§ā§§. āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖāĻžāĻŽā§‡, āĻĢāĻ˛ā§‡

ā§§ā§¨. āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤

ā§§ā§Š. āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻĒ

ā§§ā§Ē. āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ

ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ—