JSC Seen📖Class VIII

Class: 8; Unit: 9; Lesson-6(A); Paper and Wheel

Communication of ideas is at the centre of civilization. It needs written records. Most of our records in the modern age are on paper.

āϏāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧇āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻšāϞ⧋ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžāϰ āφāĻĻāĻžā§āύāĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āϰ⧇āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻĄ/ āĻĻāϞāĻŋāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ.āĨ¤ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āϝ⧁āϗ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻĻāϞāĻŋāϞāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœā§‡ āĻ•āϞāĻŽā§‡ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤāĨ¤

Though writing was invented very early, paper is a more modern invention. For long in history, people transferred ideas through speaking and listening.

āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤ āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ⧇ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻ•āĻžāϞ āϧāϰ⧇, āϞ⧋āϕ⧇āϰāĻž āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļā§‹āύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

Then there came the art of writing. But to record thoughts in writing was difficult.

āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ⧇ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤

Writing material was not available. People used surface of stone, metal, wood, bark, leaves, etc for writing.

āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϏāĻšāϜāĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϝ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāϰ, āϧāĻžāϤ⧁, āĻ•āĻžāĻ , āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āϞ, āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ  āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤāĨ¤

Those things were not easy to carry. Then for ages, people looked for easy writing materials.

āĻāχ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āϏāĻšāϜ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āϖ⧁āρāϜāϤ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤

Finally, Paper was invented in china in 105 AD. Before paper age, knowledge was very restricted. Can you think of that time?

āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, ā§§ā§Ļā§Ģ  āĻ–ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇ āĻšā§€āύ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœā§‡āϰ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āϖ⧁āĻŦāχ āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āϏ⧇āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĻž?

There were very few books in the world. May be, they were written on stone or on heavy wood plunks or on metal sheets.

āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āϤ⧇ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŦāχ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•āĻžāϠ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āϧāĻžāϤāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžāϤāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤

Suppose, one page was a heavy stone block. So, think of a hundred page book! In our age, you can carry the entire world of knowledge in digital from in your laptop bag.

āϧāϰ, āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ–āĻŖā§āĻĄāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ, āĻāĻ•āĻļ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϰ āĻŦāχ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧁āύ! āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇, āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāϟāĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ— āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϕ⧇ āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϰāĻŽ āϰ⧂āĻĒ⧇ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĻžāĨ¤

You can even carry a huge volume of paper encyclopedia. But who could produce and carry tons of heavy stone books and documents in those paperless days?

āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϕ⧋āώ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ āĻ­āϞāĻŋāωāĻŽ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĻž. āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϏ⧇āχ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜāĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§€āύ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇ āϕ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āϟāύ āϟāϰ āĻ­āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāχ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āύāĻĨāĻŋ?

In fact, paper has made publication and the spread of knowledge and information easy. So, you can see how paper has changed our life.

āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇, āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āĻ“ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāϰāϕ⧇ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚, āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž
Vocabulary

01.  Communication (n)

02.  Centre (n)

03.  Invent (v)

04.  Transfer (v)

05.  Thought (n)

06.  Available (adj)

07.  Surface (n)

08.  Bark (n)

09.  Material (n)

10.  Encyclopedia (n)

11.  Plunk (n)

12.  Huge (adj)

13.  Heavy (adj)

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϕ⧋āώ

ā§Ļā§§. āφāĻĻāĻžāύāĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ, āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŽā§Ÿ

ā§Ļ⧍. āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ

ā§Ļā§Š. āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž

ā§Ļā§Ē. āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž

ā§Ļā§Ģ. āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž

ā§Ļā§Ŧ. āϏāĻšāϜāĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϝ

ā§Ļā§­, āωāĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ—

ā§Ļā§Ž. āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āϞ, āĻ›āĻžāϞ

ā§Ļ⧝, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁

ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϕ⧇āĻžā§Ÿ

ā§§ā§§. āϤāĻ•ā§āϤāĻž

⧧⧍. āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ

ā§§ā§Š. āĻ­āĻžāϰ⧀