Class: 8; Unit: 9; Lesson-6(A); Paper and Wheel
Communication of ideas is at the centre of civilization. It needs written records. Most of our records in the modern age are on paper.
āϏāĻā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻšāϞ⧠āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĻāĻžā§āύāĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ āϰā§āĻāϰā§āĻĄ/ āĻĻāϞāĻŋāϞā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ.āĨ¤ āĻāϧā§āύāĻŋāĻ āϝā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻĻāϞāĻŋāϞāϏāĻŽā§āĻš āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻāϞāĻŽā§ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
Though writing was invented very early, paper is a more modern invention. For long in history, people transferred ideas through speaking and listening.
āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ āϞā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāύ āĻā§āĻŦ āϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ, āĻāĻžāĻāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϧā§āύāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰāĨ¤ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ⧠āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻāĻžāϞ āϧāϰā§, āϞā§āĻā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļā§āύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāύā§āϤāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Then there came the art of writing. But to record thoughts in writing was difficult.
āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ⧠āϞā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒ āĻāϏā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϞā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻ āĻŋāύ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
Writing material was not available. People used surface of stone, metal, wood, bark, leaves, etc for writing.
āϞā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϏāĻšāĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āϞā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāϰ, āϧāĻžāϤā§, āĻāĻžāĻ , āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞ, āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϤāĨ¤
Those things were not easy to carry. Then for ages, people looked for easy writing materials.
āĻāĻ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻāϰāĻž āϏāĻšāĻ āĻāĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āϝā§āĻā§ āϝā§āĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āϏāĻšāĻ āϞā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻā§āĻāĻāϤ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Finally, Paper was invented in china in 105 AD. Before paper age, knowledge was very restricted. Can you think of that time?
āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āώā§, ā§§ā§Ļā§Ģ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§āϰ āϝā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύ āĻā§āĻŦāĻ āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āϏā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŦāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻž?
There were very few books in the world. May be, they were written on stone or on heavy wood plunks or on metal sheets.
āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤ⧠āĻā§āĻŦ āĻāĻŽ āĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, āϏā§āĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϤā§āϰ⧠āĻŦāĻž āϧāĻžāϤāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϤ⧠āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
Suppose, one page was a heavy stone block. So, think of a hundred page book! In our age, you can carry the entire world of knowledge in digital from in your laptop bag.
āϧāϰ, āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ, āĻāĻāĻļ āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āύ! āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϝā§āĻā§, āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϞā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻāĻĒā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϏāĻŽāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻā§ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϰāĻŽ āϰā§āĻĒā§ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻžāĨ¤
You can even carry a huge volume of paper encyclopedia. But who could produce and carry tons of heavy stone books and documents in those paperless days?
āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻā§āώā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ āĻāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŽ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻž. āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϏā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧠āĻā§ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāύ āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻĨāĻŋ?
In fact, paper has made publication and the spread of knowledge and information easy. So, you can see how paper has changed our life.
āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻĒāĻā§āώā§, āĻāĻžāĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύ āĻ āϤāĻĨā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāϰāĻā§ āϏāĻšāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϏā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻ, āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž |
Vocabulary
01. Communication (n) 02. Centre (n) 03. Invent (v) 04. Transfer (v) 05. Thought (n) 06. Available (adj) 07. Surface (n) 08. Bark (n) 09. Material (n) 10. Encyclopedia (n) 11. Plunk (n) 12. Huge (adj) 13. Heavy (adj) |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āώ
ā§Ļā§§. āĻāĻĻāĻžāύāĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ, āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŽā§ ā§Ļ⧍. āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ ā§Ļā§Š. āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž ā§Ļā§Ē. āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻž ā§Ļā§Ģ. āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŦāύāĻž ā§Ļā§Ŧ. āϏāĻšāĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϝ ā§Ļā§, āĻāĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ ā§Ļā§Ž. āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞ, āĻāĻžāϞ ā§Ļ⧝, āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠⧧ā§Ļ. āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻā§āĻžā§ ā§§ā§§. āϤāĻā§āϤāĻž ⧧⧍. āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ ā§§ā§Š. āĻāĻžāϰ⧠|