GRAMMAR

Tense

Tense is used to refer to time of an action or event.

Tense

In English Grammar Tense is used to refer to time of an action or event.

Tense is the concept of time which may be present, past or future.

āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•ā§‡ tense āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤ Tense āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

Example:– I eat rice. (present)
– I ate rice. (past)
– I will eat rice. (future)

āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

Types of Tense:

The concept of time (tense) can be differentiated into three categories.

The present / simple present tense. (what are you presently doing )

The past.(What you did some time back).

The future. (What you will do some time later).

And all of these tenses are differentiated into the following four categories:

Indefinite Tense

Continuous Tense

Perfect Tense

Perfect Continuous Tense

1. Present Indefinite Tense:

Present indefinite tense denotes an action in the present time or habitual truth or eternal truth.

ÂĸāĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ Present Indefinite Tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ, āĻ…, āĻ†, āĻ‡, āĻ“, āĻāĻ¨, āĻāĻ¸, āĻ†āĻ¨, āĻ†āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤

Structure:
Subject + Main Verb + Object.

Example:– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡ – I eat rice.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡ – I go to school.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ – He goes to school every day.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ – You read a book.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ āĻĻāĻļ āĻŸāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ˜ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ – He goes to bed at ten pm every day.
– āĻ¸ā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ – The sun rises in the East.
– āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻĄā§‡ āĻœāĻŽāĻžāĻŸ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§‡ – Water freezes at 0° centigrade.

Note – Subject third person singular number (he, she, it, āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ) āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ verb āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ s āĻŦāĻž es āĻŦāĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤

2.Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense is used when an action is continued or going to be continued in near future.

āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻŸ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ present continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž verb āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻšā§āĻ›, āĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡, āĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤

Structure:
Subject + be verb (number āĻ“ person āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§‡) + verb + ing + object.

Example:– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ – I am eating rice.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ – I am going to school.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ – He is going to school.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ/ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ› – You are reading book.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻœ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦ – I am going to Dhaka tonight. (Near future)
– āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ†āĻœ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŽā§€āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ – Are you coming to the meeting this afternoon? (Near future)

Note – I āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° am āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ He, She, it āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻŦ third person singular number āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° is āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ We, you, they āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Plural subject āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ are āĻŦāĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤

3.Present Perfect Tense:

Present perfect tense is used when the work has been done but its effect lasts.

āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ…āĻĨāĻš āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ (āĻ…āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ¤), āĻāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ Present perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›, āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›, āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›ā§‡, āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›, āĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ, āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡, āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻŋ, āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ‡, āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ Present perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

Structure:
Subject + have/has + past participle + object.

Example:– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›āĻŋ – I have eaten rice.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ – I have gone to school.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ – He has gone to school.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨āĻŋ – I have not eaten rice.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž/āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›ā§‡ – They have done the work.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŖā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ˜āĻŖā§āĻŸāĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ – He/she has studied for hours.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ‡āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›ā§‡ – They have just played football.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›ā§‡ – He has just played football.

NoteSubject third person singular number (he, she, it āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ) āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ has āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§‡ āĨ¤ I, we, you, they āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻŦ plural subject āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ have āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

4.Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The present perfect continuous tense is used for an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing.

āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ­ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ Present perfect continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ,āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻšā§āĻ›, āĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡, āĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ›ā§, āĻ›āĻŋā§, āĻ›ā§‡ā§, āĻ›ā§‡ā§āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤

Structure:
Subject + has been/have been + main verb + ing + since/from/for + object.

Example:– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ – I have been doing this work for two days.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ˜āĻŖā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§Ž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ – He has been reading for two hours. (āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ)
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡â€“ He has been reading since mourning.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§Ž āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ – He/She has been reading in this school for three years.
– āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ – He has been living here from his boyhood.
– āĻĢāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§‹āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻœā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ – Fahim has been suffering from fever since sunday last.Note – Subject third person singular number (he, she, it āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ) āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ has been āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§‡ āĨ¤ I, we, you, they āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻŦ plural subject āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ have been āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

Note – āĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ since āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° point of time (past tense) āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ since or from āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻ¸āĻŦ tense āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ from āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ from āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
Period of time āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ for āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

1.Past Indefinite Tense:

Past Indefinite Tense is used to denote an action completed in the past or a past habit and result is not present anymore .

āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ Past Indefinite Tense āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ˛, āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¤, āĻ¤āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ ( āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ)

Structure:
Subject + past form of main verb + object.

Example:– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ/āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ – I ate rice.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ/āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ – I went to school.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹/āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ – He went to school.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ/ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡/āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡- You did the work.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ›ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ – He spent his boyhood in London.
– āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ – Luna sang a song.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ – He played football.

Note – Past indefinite tense āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ sentence āĻ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ main verb āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ be verb āĻ‡ main verb āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

2,Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense is used when the action was continued for some time in the past.

āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ Past continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤

Structure:
Subject + was/were + main verb + ing + object.

Example:– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ/āĻ–āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ – I was eating rice.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛/āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ – He was going to school.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛/āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ – They were playing football.
– āĻ—āĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ – He was going to Dhaka last evening.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ – I was singing song alone.

Note – subject first person and third person singular number āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ was āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ we, you, they āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ plural number āĻāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ were āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

3.Past Perfect Tense :

Past perfect tense is used in the former action between two completed actions of the past; simple past is used in the later action.

āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻž Past perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻž simple past tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡, āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ˛, āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤

Structure:
1st subject + had + verb āĻāĻ° past participle + 2nd subject + verb āĻāĻ° past form +2nd object.

Example:– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ – He had come home before I ate rice.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ – He had died before I went to school.
– āĻ˜āĻŖā§āĻŸāĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒā§ŒāĻāĻ›āĻ˛ – They had reached the station before the bell rang.
– āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§€āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ – The patient had died before the doctor came.
– āĻĄāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§€āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ – The doctor had come before the patient died.
– āĻŦāĻŋāĻ›āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļā§āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻāĻ°āĻœāĻžāĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ – I had shut the door before I got into bed.

4.Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

Past perfect continuous tense is used for an action that begun before a certain point in the past and continued up to that time.

āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ­ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ Past perfect continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻž Past perfect continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ –
āĻ•) āĻ…āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻ‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
āĻ–) āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
āĻ—) āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

Structure:
1st subject + had been + main verb + ing + 1st object + 2nd subject + verb āĻāĻ° past form + 2nd object.

Example:– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ – I had been eating rice when he came.
– āĻ˜āĻŖā§āĻŸāĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ – We had been playing before the bell rang.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ – He had been reading book when I went to met with him/her.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ – Your mother had been waiting for you when you went to your friend’s home.
āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ˜ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ – I had been sleeping when he saw the game

1.Future Indefinite Tense:

Future indefinite tense is used when an action will be done or will happen in future.

āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ Future indefinite tense āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻŦā§‡, āĻŦ, āĻŦāĻž, āĻŦāĻŋ, āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤

Structure:
Subject + shall/will + verb + object

Example:– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻŦ- I will/shall do the work.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§‡- They will/shall do the work.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦ(āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻ‡)- I shall go to the school.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡(āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ‡)- He will go to the school.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§‡(āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡) – They will go to the market.

Note – āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¤ 1st person āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° shall āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ will āĻŦāĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤

2.Future Continuous Tense:

Future continuous tense is used when an action is thought to be going on in the future.

āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ Future continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ, āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦā§‡, āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦāĻž, āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤

Structure:
Subject + shall be/will be + main verb + ing + object.

Example:– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ – I shall be reading the book.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ- I shall be singing the song.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĢā§āĻŸāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦā§‡- They will be playing football.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦā§‡- He will be doing the work.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ/ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦā§‡- they will be going to school.
– āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨- He will be going to office.

3.Future Perfect Tense :

Future perfect tense is used to indicate the completion of an action by a certain time in the future.

āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ Future perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž Future perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŸāĻž simple present tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦāĻž, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦā§‡, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡ Future perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

Structure:
1st subject + shall have/will have + verb āĻāĻ° past participle + 1st object + before + 2nd subject + main verb + 2nd object.

Example:– āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ – I shall have done the work before my father comes.
– āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ – I shall have finished reading the book by 4. P. m.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ- I shall have sang a song before you leave.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻŦ – I shall have finished my lesson before they come.

4.Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

Future perfect Continuous tense is used when an action will have been continuing by a certain future time.

āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ future perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž future perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž simple present tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ, āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦā§‡, āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦāĻž, āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤

Structure:
Subject – 1st subject + shall have been/will have been + main verb + ing + 1st object + 2nd subject + main verb + 2nd object.

Example:– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ†āĻ¸āĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦ- we shall have been waiting for you until you come back.
– āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ- I shall have been doing the work before my father comes.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻŦ- I shall have been playing before they come.
– āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡ – he will have been studying at Dhaka university for four years before he gets degree.

A.Change the tense as directed. 

(1)He disturbs me. (Present Continuous)

(2) My sister writes me a letter. (Present Perfect Tense)

(3) He catches fish. (Past Indefinite)

(4) We are eating rice. (Past Continuous Tense)

(5) I have done the work. (Past Perfect Tense)

(6) He lives here. (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

(7) We win the game. (Past Perfect Tense)

(8) You suffer from fever for five days. (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)

(9) We play for two hours. (Present Perfect Tense)

(10) She is drawing a picture for two hours. (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)

(11) Tipu spends much money. (Past Indefinite Tense)

(12) I saw a bird. (Present Indefinite Tense)

(13) He is present in the meeting. (Past Indefinite Tense)

(14) I have slept for three hours. (Past Perfect Tense)

(15) He told a lie. (Present Indefinite Tense)

(16) They were playing cricket. (Future Perfect Tense)

(17) It rains since morning. (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)

(18) The man was watching a movie. (Future Continuous Tense)

(19) Tipu spent much money. (Future Indefinite)

(20) Habib leaves the country. (Future Continuous Tense.)

2.Identify the tense. 10

(a) He is weeding the garden.

(b) He calls you.

(c) I will help you to do this.

(d) The man was watching the movie.

(e) He has been living here since 1971.

(f) The boy has made the toy.

(g) They will be playing football.

(h) We were solving the problem.

(i) Teacher teaches us English.

(j) He gave me a one taka note.

A.Turn the following tense of verbs according to the directions given in the brackets.

 1.

(a) They were praying to the God. (Present Continuous) (b) I opened the door. (Future Indefinite Tense) (c) I shall teach you. (Past Indefinite Tense) (d) The girl was sweeping the floor. (Present Continuous Tense) (e) We have riches. (Past Indefinite Tense) (f) We reached the station. (Future Indefinite Tense) (g) He passed the examination. (Present Perfect Tense) (h) He drew a picture. (Present Perfect Tense) (i) Sohel bought a shirt. (Present Perfect Tense) (j) I am doing the work. (Present Indefinite Tense)

 

2.

(a) He watches television. (Past Indefinite Tense) (b) Birds are flying in the sky. (Past continuous Tense) (c) It rains here. (Present Perfect Tense) (d) He goes to school. (Past Indefinite Tense) (e) I have taken my meals. (Present Indefinite Tense) (f) I am helping the child. (Present Perfect Tense) (g) The moon is shining at night. (Past Continuous Tense) (h) You are wasting time. (Past Continuous Tense) (i) He finished his work in time. (Present Perfect Tense) (j) I am waiting for you. (Simple Future Indefinite Tense)

 

Home Work

3.

(a) I like sweet. (Simple Past Tense) (b) Mr. Rahman teaches us English. (Present Perfect) (c) He is walking by the riverside. (Past Continuous Tense) (d) I am very glad. (Simple Past Tense)  (e) Our classes began at 7 a.m. (Simple Present Tense) (f) They are catching fish. (Simple Future Tense) (g) He stole my pen. (Present Perfect Tense) (h) My mother has bought me a pen. (Simple Past Tense) (i) I had a meal. (Present Continuous Tense) (j) He lived in Dhaka (Past Indefinite Tense)

4.

(a) The bus runs fast. (Present Continuous Tense) (b) Farhana sang a song. (Past Continuous Tense) (c) I have just received your letter. (Simple Past Tense) (d) We went on a picnic. (Simple Future Tense) (e) You stood first in the exam. (Present Perfect Tense) (f) The boy plays football. (Simple Future Tense) (g) He is playing cricket. (Past Continuous Tense) (h) He is flying a kite in the sky. (Future Continuous Tense) (i) I took part in the debate. (Simple Present Tense) (j) He remained silent. (Simple  Present Tense)