Tense
Tense is used to refer to time of an action or event.
Tense
In English Grammar Tense is used to refer to time of an action or event.
Tense is the concept of time which may be present, past or future.
āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻā§ tense āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĨ¤ Tense āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
Example:– I eat rice. (present)
– I ate rice. (past)
– I will eat rice. (future)
āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĻ°āĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
Types of Tense:
The concept of time (tense) can be differentiated into three categories.
The present / simple present tense. (what are you presently doing )
The past.(What you did some time back).
The future. (What you will do some time later).
And all of these tenses are differentiated into the following four categories:
Indefinite Tense
Continuous Tense
Perfect Tense
Perfect Continuous Tense
1. Present Indefinite Tense:
Present indefinite tense denotes an action in the present time or habitual truth or eternal truth.
ÂĸāĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ Present Indefinite Tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻ, āĻ
, āĻ, āĻ, āĻ, āĻāĻ¨, āĻāĻ¸, āĻāĻ¨, āĻāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Structure:
Subject + Main Verb + Object.
Example:– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻ â I eat rice.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ â I go to school.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ â He goes to school every day.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ â You read a book.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ āĻĻāĻļ āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ â He goes to bed at ten pm every day.
– āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ â The sun rises in the East.
– āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§ â Water freezes at 0° centigrade.
Note – Subject third person singular number (he, she, it, āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ) āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ verb āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ s āĻŦāĻž es āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĨ¤
2.Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense is used when an action is continued or going to be continued in near future.
āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻŦā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ present continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž verb āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ, āĻ¤ā§āĻā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻā§āĻ¨, āĻā§āĻ, āĻā§āĻāĻŋ, āĻā§āĻā§, āĻā§āĻā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻŋ, āĻā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Structure:
Subject + be verb (number āĻ person āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§) + verb + ing + object.
Example:– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋ â I am eating rice.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋ â I am going to school.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻā§ â He is going to school.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ/ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ â You are reading book.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻĸāĻžāĻāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦ â I am going to Dhaka tonight. (Near future)
– āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻŽā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻāĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¨ â Are you coming to the meeting this afternoon? (Near future)
Note – I āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° am āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§āĨ¤ He, She, it āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻŦ third person singular number āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° is āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§āĨ¤ We, you, they āĻāĻŦāĻ Plural subject āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ are āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĨ¤
3.Present Perfect Tense:
Present perfect tense is used when the work has been done but its effect lasts.
āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻļā§āĻˇ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§ āĻ āĻĨāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻā§ (āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ¤), āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ Present perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻŋ, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻā§āĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ, āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ, āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻŋ, āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻā§, āĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ, āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ, āĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻŋ, āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ Present perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
Structure:
Subject + have/has + past participle + object.
Example:– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻŋ â I have eaten rice.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋ â I have gone to school.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋ â He has gone to school.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻŋ â I have not eaten rice.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž/āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻā§ â They have done the work.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§āĻā§ â He/she has studied for hours.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĢā§āĻāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻā§ – They have just played football.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĢā§āĻāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻā§ â He has just played football.
Note – Subject third person singular number (he, she, it āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ) āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ has āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§ āĨ¤ I, we, you, they āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻŦ plural subject āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ have āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§āĨ¤
4.Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The present perfect continuous tense is used for an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing.
āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ Present perfect continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ, āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋ,āĻ¤ā§āĻā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻā§āĻ¨, āĻā§āĻ, āĻā§āĻāĻŋ, āĻā§āĻā§, āĻā§āĻā§āĻ¨, āĻā§, āĻāĻŋā§, āĻā§ā§, āĻā§ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Structure:
Subject + has been/have been + main verb + ing + since/from/for + object.
Example:– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋ â I have been doing this work for two days.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻā§ â He has been reading for two hours. (āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ)
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻā§â He has been reading since mourning.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻāĻ° āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻā§ â He/She has been reading in this school for three years.
– āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸ā§ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻā§ â He has been living here from his boyhood.
– āĻĢāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻŽ āĻāĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻā§ â Fahim has been suffering from fever since sunday last.Note – Subject third person singular number (he, she, it āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ) āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ has been āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§ āĨ¤ I, we, you, they āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻŦ plural subject āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ have been āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§āĨ¤
Note – āĻāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ since āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° point of time (past tense) āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĨ¤
āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ since or from āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻ¸āĻŦ tense āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ from āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ from āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
Period of time āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ
āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§ for āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
1.Past Indefinite Tense:
Past Indefinite Tense is used to denote an action completed in the past or a past habit and result is not present anymore .
āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§, āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻā§ Past Indefinite Tense āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻ˛, āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¤, āĻ¤āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¤ā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ ( āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§, āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§, āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ)
Structure:
Subject + past form of main verb + object.
Example:– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ/āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ â I ate rice.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ/āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ â I went to school.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§/āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ â He went to school.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ/ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§/āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§- You did the work.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻŦā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ â He spent his boyhood in London.
– āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ â Luna sang a song.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻĢā§āĻāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ â He played football.
Note – Past indefinite tense āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ¨ sentence āĻ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ main verb āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ be verb āĻ main verb āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
2,Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense is used when the action was continued for some time in the past.
āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ Past continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§, āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§, āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Structure:
Subject + was/were + main verb + ing + object.
Example:– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ/āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ â I was eating rice.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛/āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ â He was going to school.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛/āĻā§āĻ˛āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ â They were playing football.
– āĻāĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§ āĻĸāĻžāĻāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ â He was going to Dhaka last evening.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ â I was singing song alone.
Note – subject first person and third person singular number āĻšāĻ˛ā§ was āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§āĨ¤ we, you, they āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ plural number āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ were āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦā§āĨ¤
3.Past Perfect Tense :
Past perfect tense is used in the former action between two completed actions of the past; simple past is used in the later action.
āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻž Past perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻž simple past tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ
āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§, āĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§, āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻ˛, āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ˛ā§, āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¤ā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Structure:
1st subject + had + verb āĻāĻ° past participle + 2nd subject + verb āĻāĻ° past form +2nd object.
Example:– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻ¸ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛ â He had come home before I ate rice.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻ¸ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻā§āĻ˛ â He had died before I went to school.
– āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻļāĻ¨ā§ āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻ˛ â They had reached the station before the bell rang.
– āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¸āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻā§āĻ˛ â The patient had died before the doctor came.
– āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¸āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻā§āĻ˛ â The doctor had come before the patient died.
– āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ â I had shut the door before I got into bed.
4.Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
Past perfect continuous tense is used for an action that begun before a certain point in the past and continued up to that time.
āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ˛āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ Past perfect continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻž Past perfect continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§, āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ
āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§ â
āĻ) āĻ
āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
āĻ) āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ
āĻĒāĻ°āĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻ āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
āĻ) āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻ āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
Structure:
1st subject + had been + main verb + ing + 1st object + 2nd subject + verb āĻāĻ° past form + 2nd object.
Example:– āĻ¸ā§ āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ â I had been eating rice when he came.
– āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ â We had been playing before the bell rang.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§ āĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ â He had been reading book when I went to met with him/her.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻž āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ
āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ â Your mother had been waiting for you when you went to your friendâs home.
āĻ¸ā§ āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ â I had been sleeping when he saw the game
1.Future Indefinite Tense:
Future indefinite tense is used when an action will be done or will happen in future.
āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ Future indefinite tense āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻŦā§, āĻŦ, āĻŦāĻž, āĻŦāĻŋ, āĻŦā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Structure:
Subject + shall/will + verb + object
Example:– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦ- I will/shall do the work.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§- They will/shall do the work.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦ(āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻ)- I shall go to the school.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§(āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ)- He will go to the school.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻŦā§(āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§) â They will go to the market.
Note – āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¤ 1st person āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° shall āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ will āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĨ¤
2.Future Continuous Tense:
Future continuous tense is used when an action is thought to be going on in the future.
āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ Future continuous tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ, āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦā§, āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻž, āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Structure:
Subject + shall be/will be + main verb + ing + object.
Example:– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ â I shall be reading the book.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ- I shall be singing the song.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦā§- They will be playing football.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦā§- He will be doing the work.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ/ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦā§- they will be going to school.
– āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ
āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¸ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¨- He will be going to office.
3.Future Perfect Tense :
Future perfect tense is used to indicate the completion of an action by a certain time in the future.
āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§ āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ Future perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§ āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻ¤āĻž Future perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻāĻž simple present tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻž, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦā§, āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ Future perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
Structure:
1st subject + shall have/will have + verb āĻāĻ° past participle + 1st object + before + 2nd subject + main verb + 2nd object.
Example:– āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ – I shall have done the work before my father comes.
– āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻŦāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ â I shall have finished reading the book by 4. P. m.
– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ- I shall have sang a song before you leave.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§āĻˇ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦ â I shall have finished my lesson before they come.
4.Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
Future perfect Continuous tense is used when an action will have been continuing by a certain future time.
āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ future perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ āĻ¤āĻž future perfect tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻ¤āĻž simple present tense āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ, āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦā§, āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻž, āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
Structure:
Subject â 1st subject + shall have been/will have been + main verb + ing + 1st object + 2nd subject + main verb + 2nd object.
Example:– āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°ā§ āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ¸āĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ
āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦ- we shall have been waiting for you until you come back.
– āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ- I shall have been doing the work before my father comes.
– āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻŦ- I shall have been playing before they come.
– āĻ¸ā§ āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻāĻ° āĻĸāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ â he will have been studying at Dhaka university for four years before he gets degree.
A.Change the tense as directed.Â
(1)He disturbs me. (Present Continuous)
(2) My sister writes me a letter. (Present Perfect Tense)
(3) He catches fish. (Past Indefinite)
(4) We are eating rice. (Past Continuous Tense)
(5) I have done the work. (Past Perfect Tense)
(6) He lives here. (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
(7) We win the game. (Past Perfect Tense)
(8) You suffer from fever for five days. (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)
(9) We play for two hours. (Present Perfect Tense)
(10) She is drawing a picture for two hours. (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)
(11) Tipu spends much money. (Past Indefinite Tense)
(12) I saw a bird. (Present Indefinite Tense)
(13) He is present in the meeting. (Past Indefinite Tense)
(14) I have slept for three hours. (Past Perfect Tense)
(15) He told a lie. (Present Indefinite Tense)
(16) They were playing cricket. (Future Perfect Tense)
(17) It rains since morning. (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)
(18) The man was watching a movie. (Future Continuous Tense)
(19) Tipu spent much money. (Future Indefinite)
(20) Habib leaves the country. (Future Continuous Tense.)
2.Identify the tense. 10
(a) He is weeding the garden.
(b) He calls you.
(c) I will help you to do this.
(d) The man was watching the movie.
(e) He has been living here since 1971.
(f) The boy has made the toy.
(g) They will be playing football.
(h) We were solving the problem.
(i) Teacher teaches us English.
(j) He gave me a one taka note.
A.Turn the following tense of verbs according to the directions given in the brackets.
 1.
(a) They were praying to the God. (Present Continuous) (b) I opened the door. (Future Indefinite Tense) (c) I shall teach you. (Past Indefinite Tense) (d) The girl was sweeping the floor. (Present Continuous Tense) (e) We have riches. (Past Indefinite Tense) (f) We reached the station. (Future Indefinite Tense) (g) He passed the examination. (Present Perfect Tense) (h) He drew a picture. (Present Perfect Tense) (i) Sohel bought a shirt. (Present Perfect Tense) (j) I am doing the work. (Present Indefinite Tense)
2.
(a) He watches television. (Past Indefinite Tense) (b) Birds are flying in the sky. (Past continuous Tense) (c) It rains here. (Present Perfect Tense) (d) He goes to school. (Past Indefinite Tense) (e) I have taken my meals. (Present Indefinite Tense) (f) I am helping the child. (Present Perfect Tense) (g) The moon is shining at night. (Past Continuous Tense) (h) You are wasting time. (Past Continuous Tense) (i) He finished his work in time. (Present Perfect Tense) (j) I am waiting for you. (Simple Future Indefinite Tense)
Home Work
3.
(a) I like sweet. (Simple Past Tense) (b) Mr. Rahman teaches us English. (Present Perfect) (c) He is walking by the riverside. (Past Continuous Tense) (d) I am very glad. (Simple Past Tense)Â (e) Our classes began at 7 a.m. (Simple Present Tense) (f) They are catching fish. (Simple Future Tense) (g) He stole my pen. (Present Perfect Tense) (h) My mother has bought me a pen. (Simple Past Tense) (i) I had a meal. (Present Continuous Tense) (j) He lived in Dhaka (Past Indefinite Tense)
4.
(a) The bus runs fast. (Present Continuous Tense) (b) Farhana sang a song. (Past Continuous Tense) (c) I have just received your letter. (Simple Past Tense) (d) We went on a picnic. (Simple Future Tense) (e) You stood first in the exam. (Present Perfect Tense) (f) The boy plays football. (Simple Future Tense) (g) He is playing cricket. (Past Continuous Tense) (h) He is flying a kite in the sky. (Future Continuous Tense) (i) I took part in the debate. (Simple Present Tense) (j) He remained silent. (Simple Present Tense)