HSCHSC Seen

HSC Unit One: 2 Lesson: Nelson Mandela, from apartheid fighter to president

15 December 2013

JOHANNESBURG (Reuters)-

Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy, as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world.

15 āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ° 2013

āĻœā§‹āĻšāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ— (āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¸) -āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ¨

āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻœā§āĻĄāĻŧā§‡ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¤ā§€āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§€āĻ• āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world.

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I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days, Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa’s first black president in 1994, The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§ˆāĻˇāĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¤ā§€āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ˜ā§ƒāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ; āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ, āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Ē āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻ°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻŖā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¤ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻšā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation. In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid.

āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ 1993 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‹āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ­ā§‚āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦā§ˆāĻˇāĻŽā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻĢ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĄāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS. He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: Don’t call me. I’ll call you. But he remained one of the world’s most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights.

āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡āĻĄāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻžā§āĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦ āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻŽāĻžā§āĻšā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°Â  86 āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ē āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻœā§āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻœāĻ¨āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§€āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨: āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‹. āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻļā§āĻ°āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§€āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are, Nadine Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once remarked.

āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ˛, āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨ā§‹āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛āĻœāĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻ¨āĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

The years Mandela spent behind bars made him the world’s most celebrated political prisoner and a leader of mythic stature for millions of black South Africans and other oppressed people far beyond his country’s borders. Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his political testimony.

āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§€ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ• āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻĒā§€āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻĒā§ŒāĻ°āĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§ŒāĻ¤ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ ā§§ā§¯63 āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ­ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ§āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻ§ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤, āĻĄāĻžāĻ• āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯āĨ¤

During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻĻā§āĻĻāĻļāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ†āĻ§āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ†āĻ§āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤

I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities, he told the court. It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ• āĻ“ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ¨ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻāĻšā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻœāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤

Friends adored Mandela and fondly called him Madiba, the clan name by which he was known. People lauded his humanity, kindness and dignity.

āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§€āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ¤āĻž, āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻ‚āĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

 

English āĻŦāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
New Word:

1. Shackles (n)

2. Apartheid (n)

3. Multi-racial (adj)

4. Democracy (n)

5. Reconciliation (n)

6. Prestige (n)

7. Charisma (n)

8. Intensely (adv)

āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ

1.āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛

2.āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻŦā§‡āĻļ

3.āĻŦāĻšā§āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋā§Ÿ

4.āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°

5.āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¨

6. āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ

7. āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ­āĻž

8. āĻ¤ā§€āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡

 

English evsjv
New Word:

9. Manifestation (n)

10. Wound (n)

11. Chasms (n)

12. Prominent (adj)

13. Advocate (v)

14. Repression (a)

15. Revered (n)

16. Epicenter (n)

 

9. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ/ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ

10. āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤

11. āĻĢāĻžāĻŸāĻ˛

12. āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ

13. āĻ¸āĻšāĻžā§ŸāĻ¤āĻž

14. āĻļā§‹āĻˇāĻ¨

15. āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤

16. āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§

 

English evsjv
New Word:

17. Mythic

18. Stature

19. Oppressed

20. Testimony

21. Domination

22. Harmony

23. Lauded

24. Dignity

āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ

17. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖ

18. āĻĻā§ˆāĻšāĻŋāĻ• āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻ¤āĻž

19. āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤

20. āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

21. āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨

22. āĻ¸āĻĻā§ƒāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯, āĻāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨

23. āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹

24. āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻž

 

Prepared & Translated By

Md. Rokon Uddin (Rumon)

MBA. BA Hon’s (English)

Mobile: 01911303229

Email: rumonscb@gmail.com

https://www.facebook.com/rumoncare/