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SSC Unit-3; Lesson-2(B); May Day

May Day or International Workers Day is observed on May 1 all over the world today to commemorate the historical struggle and sacrifices of the working people to establish an eight-hour workday.

āĻĻā§ˆāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻŸ āĻ˜āĻŖā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŖāĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ— āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻ°āĻŖā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻšā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻŽā§‡ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§€ āĻŽā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻž āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻ•āĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

It is a public holiday in almost all the countries of the world. Since the Industrial Revolution(1) in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and the US, the workers in mills and factories had been working a long shift, fourteen or even more hours a day.

āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ›ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻ āĻžāĻ°ā§‹ āĻ“ āĻ‰āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļ āĻļāĻ¤āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°ā§‹āĻĒ āĻ“ āĻ†āĻŽā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§Ÿ, āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨āĻžā§Ÿ āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨āĻž āĻšā§ŒāĻĻā§āĻĻ āĻ˜āĻŖā§āĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ“ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸāĨ¤

On May 1st in 1886, inspired by the trade unions(2), half of the workers at the Mc Cormic Harvester Company in Chicago went on strike demanding an eight-hour workday.

ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§Ŧ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻšā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻŽā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ—ā§‹ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§‡āĻ• āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻ¨ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻā§ˆāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ†āĻŸ āĻ˜āĻŖā§āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ˜āĻŸā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

Two days later, a workers’ rally was held near the McCormic  Hervester Company and about 6000 workers had joined it.

āĻĻā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡, āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ­āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ›ā§Ÿ āĻšāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ¨ā§‡ā§ŸāĨ¤

The rally was addressed by the labour leaders. They urged the workers to stand together, to go on with their struggle and not to give in to their bosses.

āĻ¸āĻ­āĻžā§Ÿ āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ˜āĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻ¨āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡āĨ¤

Just at this moment some strikebreakers started leaving the meeting place. The strikers went down the street to bring them back. Suddenly about 200 policemen attacked them with clubs and revolvers.

āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ•ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ˜āĻŸ āĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ­āĻž āĻ›ā§‡ā§œā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ˜āĻŸāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĻ°āĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŽā§‡ āĻāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤ āĻšāĻ āĻžā§Ž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻļ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻ“ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ­āĻ˛āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

One striker was killed instantly, five or six others were seriously wounded and many of them were badly injured.

āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ˜āĻŸāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ, āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻš āĻŦāĻž āĻ›ā§ŸāĻœāĻ¨ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ†āĻšāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˜āĻžāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

The events of May 1, 1886 is a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives.

āĻĒāĻšā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻŽā§‡, ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§Ŧ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻļ, āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ•āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¸āĻšāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĒā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡, āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§‹āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
New Word

1.International (adj)

2.Observe (v)

3.Commemorate (v)

4.Historical (adj)

5.Struggle (n)

6.Sacrifice (v)

7.Public Holiday (n)

āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ

ā§§.āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•

ā§¨.āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§Š.āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž

ā§Ē.āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ•

ā§Ģ.āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§

ā§Ŧ.āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§­.āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ›ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
New Word

8. Almost (adv)

9. Inspire (v)

10. Trade (n)

11. Company (n)

12. Strike (n)

13. Demand (v)

14. Join (v)

āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ

ā§Ž. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ

ā§¯. āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻ¸āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āĻ¯

ā§§ā§§. āĻŦāĻŖāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ˜, āĻ•ā§‹āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻŖāĻŋ

ā§§ā§¨. āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ˜āĻŸ

ā§§ā§Š. āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§§ā§Ē. āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
New Word

15. Stand Together (v)

16. Strike-breakers (n)

17. Meeting (n)

18. Striker (n)

19. Street (n)

20. Seriously (adv)

21. Injured (adj)

22. Continue (v)

23. Exploit (v)

āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ

ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ˜āĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž

ā§§ā§Ŧ. āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ˜āĻŸ āĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€

ā§§ā§­. āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§§ā§Ž. āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ˜āĻŸāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€

ā§§ā§¯. āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž

ā§¨ā§Ļ. āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡

ā§¨ā§§. āĻ†āĻšāĻ¤

ā§¨ā§¨. āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž

ā§¨ā§Š. āĻļā§‹āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž