HSCHSC Seen

HSC Unit : 9 Lesson 3; Bangladeshi in Italy

Last month, a 20-year dream came true: we visited Italy. While it was an amazing lesson in history, I was also taken by surprise at the Bangladeshis in Italy.

āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 20 āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛: āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻļā§āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻœāĻ¨āĻ• āĻĒāĻžāĻ  āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻžÂ  āĻ†āĻŽāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻžāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

I heard estimates of between 200,000 and 600,000 Bangladeshis in Italy.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡Â  200,000 āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ 6ā§Ļā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤

I saw them in Rome, Florence and Venice (but not in Siena.) The ones I saw all had small to medium-size businesses.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽā§‡, āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ (āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ)) āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸āĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

In Rome, they were selling handbags, sunglasses and tourist material on the streets.

āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ—, āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĨ¤

In Florence, we walked into a store selling ‘Indian-looking’ things – a  ‘monohori dokan’ -only to find the owner was a Bangladeshi who had a chain of these stores in the city.

āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸Â  āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ- āĻāĻ• āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻšāĻ°ā§€ āĻĻā§‹āĻ•āĻžāĻ¨-āĻ•ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļā§€ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻŽāĻ¨  āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĨ¤

In Venice, they were selling trinkets-like little puppets made from balloons – on the Accademia Bridge and in San Marco Square.

āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻœ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‹ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ – āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻĒā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

One seller told me these would not sell in Rome, but in Venice the tourists buy them.

āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¤āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĨ¤

They were incredibly kind and polite to us. The person in Florence-much to our protestations-treated us with cokes and ice cream, and sold things to us at large discounts.

āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ-āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻžÂ  āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžā§ŸāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

When it came to prices, they said Pay us what you want-we are so happy to see a Bangladeshi tourist here.

āĻĻāĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯āĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§‹āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļā§€ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻ• āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤

It was a kind of haggling in reverse. One street vendor in Rome, after selling a sunglass at 18 Euro to a European person, turned around and sold me a similar sunglass at 4.5 Euro.

āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ• āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻˇāĻžāĻ•āĻˇāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¤āĻž, āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°ā§‹āĻĒā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ 18 āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°ā§‹āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ˜ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ 4.5 āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°ā§‹āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

I wanted to pay him more, but, incredible as it seems, he would not take it.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤

I think this barely covered his cost. At a mini-flea-market of Bangladeshi stalls at the Tiburtina station in Rome, I fell into a discussion of the business.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻœā§āĻĄāĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻŸāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¨āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻļāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ-āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĻž-āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻŸā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĨ¤

It costs them 1000-2000 Euros a month to rent each stall. The work is very hard, and they live frugally.

āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻ˛ āĻ­āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ 1000-2000 āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ–āĻ°āĻš āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

So they are able to save some money which they send home.

āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻļā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

One seller in Venice said he can save up to Euro 1000 a month, but only if a lot of conditions are met (e.g. he has to sell an average of 50 Euros  worth daily; his food expenses cannot exceed Euro 80/month, etc.)

āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻāĻ• āĻšāĻžāĻœāĻžāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻžā§āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšā§āĻ° āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°āĻŖ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ (āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻĄāĻŧā§‡ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°ā§‹ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ; āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ ā§Žā§Ļ / āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ)āĨ¤ )

I was inspired by their entrepreneurship and touched by their generosity and hope their Diaspora comes true soon.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§‹āĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ—āĻ—āĻŋāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

1.Amazing

2.Estimate

3.Puppet

4.Incredible

5.Protestation

6.Discounts

7.Haggling

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

1. /adjective/ āĻ†āĻļā§āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻœāĻ¨āĻ•; āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ•āĻ°;

āĻšāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€; āĻšāĻŽāĻ•āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻ; āĻ…āĻĻā§āĻ­ā§āĻ¤; āĻšāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°;

2. /verb/ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

3. /noun/ āĻĒā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛, āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§€ā§œāĻ¨āĻ•

4. /adj/ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯

5. /noun/ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ;

6. /noun/ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻŸ; āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ; āĻ§āĻ°āĻžāĻŸ; āĻŦāĻžāĻŸāĻž;

āĻ›ā§āĻŸ; āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ¨; āĻĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ; ; /verb/āĻŦāĻžāĻŸāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž;

7. /noun/ āĻĻāĻ°āĻžāĻĻāĻ°āĻŋ;

 

 

English evsjv
Vocabulary

8. Vendor

9. Frugally

10. Entrepreneurship

11. Generosity

12. Exceed

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

8.  /noun/ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¤āĻž;

9.  /adj/ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§Ÿā§€

10. (1) āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻž; āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻā§āĻāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡; (2) āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ—āĻ āĻ•;

11. /noun/ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¤āĻž; āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž, āĻŽāĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ

12.  /verb/ āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž