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Unit : 6 Lesson 3: The Maldives

The Republic of Maldives is an island country in the Indian Ocean. It has 1199 islands that are clustered into 26 major atolls. An atoll is a ring-shaped coral reef or a string of closely spaced coral islands. The natural coral reefs of Maldives surrounded by lagoons make each island stand out as a pearl in the Indian Ocean. The Maldives stand at eighth position amongst the smallest countries in the world with an area of 300 square kilometres only. It is also the smallest Asian country with respect to population and size.

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People have been living on the islands of the Maldives from as long as 3000 years ago. They set sail from different parts of the world- Asia, Arabia, Europe and the Americas- to come to these islands. The earliest settlers of the Maldives were probably from southern India and Sri Lanka who came to these islands in the fourth and fifth centuries BC. In the 12th century AD, sailors from East Africa and Arab countries came to the Maldives. As a result, the Maldivians who were originally Buddhists were converted to Sunni Islam in the mid-12th century. In 1344 Ibn Batuta, a famous Arab historian and scholar travelled around the Maldives.

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In the 16th century, the Portuguese conquered the Maldives and they ruled the country for 15 years. Although governed as an independent Islamic sultanate for most of its history from 1153 to 1968, the Maldives was a British colony from 1887 to 1965. Following independence from Britain in 1965, the sultanate continued to operate for another 3 years. On November 11, 1968, it was abolished and replaced by a republic and the country assumed its present name.

ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻļāĻ¤āĻ•ā§‡, āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻœāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ āĻœāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ ā§§ā§§ā§Ģā§Š āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§Ž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¤ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§­ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻļ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§Ģ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŸā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ› āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°, āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ ā§Š āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤ ā§§ā§§ āĻ¨āĻ­ā§‡āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ°, ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§Ž-āĻ, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

The Maldives is famous as a tourist destination because of its enjoyable weather, heavenly beaches and lagoons, luxurious holiday resorts and the peace-loving people. Being an island country, it enjoys a pleasant weather throughout the year. The Maldives has been ranked as the best country brand for beach, rest and relaxation in 2008. In the same year, it was also ranked second as the best country brand for natural beauty.

āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ­ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž, āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§ˆāĻ•āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻšā§āĻ°āĻĻ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ˛ āĻ›ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ āĻĻā§‡āĻļ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°āĻ‡ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ†āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§ˆāĻ•āĻ¤, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§ŒāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

The Maldives is well known for being the lowest country in the world. Unfortunately, this small country with idyllic natural beauty is under threat from rising sea levels due to global warming. Most of the country is just 1.5 metres above sea level with a highest point of 2.3 metres! Many predictions have been made with respect to Maldives being swept away by the rising water level in the Indian Ocean. It was even seen during the tsunami of 2004, that many of the island’s dry parts were flooded by waters shrinking the island. The government of the Maldives has begun to purchase land from nearby countries in case the islands go under water!

āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ¨ āĻĻā§‡āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻļāĻ¤, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§ŒāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸā§āĻŸ āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻ‰āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻĒā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻ ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻ¤āĻž āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻšā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§‡ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻĒā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻ  āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° ā§§.ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻšā§āĻš āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ ā§¨.ā§Š āĻŽāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ°! āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ—āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻœāĻ˛āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§€ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ•āĻŋ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ē āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ“ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻļā§āĻ•āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻœāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ›āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°!

In order to highlight the threats of global warming to its low lying islands, the government of Maldives held a cabinet meeting underwater in 2009. That was the first ever cabinet meeting in the world that took place underwater. The meeting took place about 5 meter underwater, in a blue-green lagoon on a small island. While underwater, the cabinet signed a document calling on all nations to cut their carbon emissions.

āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻ‰āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ§āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯, āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§¯ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ­āĻž āĻŦā§ˆāĻ āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ‡ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ­āĻž āĻŦā§ˆāĻ āĻ• āĻ¯āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻ‚āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨ā§€āĻ˛-āĻ¸āĻŦā§āĻœ āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ¨ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§€āĻ¨, āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ­āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻƒāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻ†āĻšā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

 

Main Words Bengali Meaning Synonyms/ Meanings Antonyms
Cluster (n) āĻ—ā§āĻšā§āĻ›/ āĻā§ŽāĻ†āĻ•/ āĻĻāĻ˛ Something coming together in groups One
Atoll (n) āĻ‰āĻĒāĻšā§āĻ°āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§ŸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ˛āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻšā§€āĻ° An island made of coral and ring shaped ———-
Coral (n) āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ˛ A hard tiny substance formed by sea creatures ———-
Lagoon (n) āĻ‰āĻĒāĻšā§āĻ°āĻĻ A lake of salt water
Set sail (v) āĻœāĻ˛āĻĒāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž Set out on water route ———
Convert (v) āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž/ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž Change perpetuate
Conquer (v) āĻœā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž win Lose, forfeit
Abolish (v) āĻ˛ā§‹āĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž/ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž Evict/ eradicate Defend/ protect
Destination (n) āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ˛ End/ goal Starting point
Heavenly (adj) āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ—ā§€ā§Ÿ Angelic/ beautiful Hellish, infernal
Luxurious (adj) āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§€ Pleasurable/ sensual Unattractive, ascetic
Resort (n) āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° Place for spending holidays ————
Enjoy (v) āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž/ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ­ā§‹āĻ— Like, love , relish Suffer, tolerate, endure
Pleasant (adj) āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ°āĻŽ, āĻ†āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻĻāĻžā§ŸāĻ• Agreeable, amusing Unpleasant. Rough, adverse
Rank (v) āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž Be identified, marked Disarrange, displayed
Rest (v) āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ Relax Work, toil
Relaxation (n) āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‹āĻĻāĻ¨ Loosening, recreation Work, toil
Know (v) āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻž Realize, recognize ———-
Prediction (n) āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ŽāĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§€ Forecast/ prophecy ———-
Ocean (n) āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ—āĻ° Deep/ sea Landmass
Emission (n) āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŖ Issue, emitting absorbtion
Resort (n) āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° Place for spending ———