ADJECTIVE

August 13, 2021August 13, 2021 Md. Rokon Uddin (Rumon)

Adjective ( বিশেষণ ) : যে Word দ্বারা Noun বা Pronoun এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা, পরিমান ও সংখ্যা বুঝায় তাকে Adjective বলে । যেমন : 1. She is a beautiful girl. 2. My Shirt is green. 3. You have three pens. 4. Belal is ill.

Adjective এর প্রকারভেদ : Adjective চার প্রকার । যথা :

i. Adjective of quality ( গুনবাচক বিশেষণ )

ii. Adjective of quantity ( পরিমাণ বাচক বিশেষণ )

iii. Adjective of number ( সংখ্যা বাচক বিশেষণ )

iv. Pronominal Adjective ( সম্বন্ধ বাচক বিশেষণ )

i. Adjective of quality ( গুনবাচক বিশেষণ ) : যে সকল Adjective কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুুর দোষ, গুণ ও অবস্থা প্রকাশ করে তাকে Adjective of quality বলে । যেমন : beautiful, bad, good, ill ইত্যাদি ।

ii. Adjective of quantity ( পরিমাণ বাচক বিশেষণ ) : যে Adjective দ্বারা কোন বস্তুুর পরিাণ বুঝায় তাকে Adjective of quantity বলে । যেমন : some, little, many, much, enough ইত্যাদি ।

iii. Adjective of number ( সংখ্যা বাচক বিশেষণ ) : যে Adjective দ্বারা কোন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুুর সংখ্যা বুঝায় তাকে Adjective of number বলে । যেমন : Two, Three, Ten, nine ইত্যাদি।

iv. Pronominal Adjective ( সম্বন্ধ বাচক বিশেষণ ) : যে Adjective কোন Noun এর পূর্বে বসে ঐ Noun এর সাথে সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করে তাকে Pronominal Adjective বলে । যেমন : 1. This is my pen. 2. That is her book. 3. This is your pencil. এখানে my, her ও your যথাক্রমে Noun pen, book ও pencil এর পূর্বে বসে এদের সাথে সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করেছ , এগুলো হল Pronominal Adjective.

Types of Adjective:

1. Numeral Adjectives: Indicates Number/ Adjective of Quantity: One, two, five, ten, first, Second, third, tenth, twelfth, last, all some, few, each, most, many, no, several are common examples of numeral adjectives.

He gave me some books. Here some is ——- numeral adjective.

Few students come to school today. The underlined word is ———- numeral adjective.

Numeral Adjectives are of two types

i. Definite numeral adjective: Noun এর নির্দিষ্ট সংখ্যা বা পর্যায় বুঝায়। যেমন: One, three, first, second, single, double, triple etc.

(a)Cardinal Number : One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, etc.

(b) Ordinal Number : First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth etc.

(c) Multiplicative Number : Single, Double, Triple, Quadruple, five-fold etc.

ii. Indefinite Numeral Adjective: Noun এর অনির্দিষ্ট সংখ্যক বুঝায়। যেমন: several, many, some, no, few

For example:

Few students come to school today.

He is a man of few words.

2. Demonstrative Adjective: Demonstrative adjective are adjectives that are used to modify a noun so that we can know which specific person, place or thing mentioned.

Examples of Demonstrative Adjectives in Sentences:

Give me that blue water bottle.
Say the same thing twice over.
This time I won’t fail you.
I want those gorgeous marbles.
I cannot give you money at this moment.

3. Distributive Adjective: Distributive adjectives show that the things and persons are counted collectively. They refer to members of a group as individuals. Distributive adjectives একাধিক ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর প্রক্যেককে নির্দেশ করে।

List of Distributive adjectives: each, every, either, neither, any, one, both

For Example:

Every man is potential.

I shall support neither party.

3. Pronominal Adjective: Pronoun যখন কোন Noun এর পূর্বে বসে adjective এর মতকাজ করে।

Pronominal adjectives that may be used as pronouns.

For Example: this, that, these, those, former, latter, both, same, you, yonder, all, any, another, certain, divers, enough, few, little, many much, no, one, own, other, several, some, sundry, which, whichever, whichsover, what, whatever, what, whatever, whatsover, his, her, my, our, yours, its, their, whose etc.

For Example:

This pen is mine.
Both players are good.
Which pen have you bought?
What pictures are these?
These horses are larger than those.

4. Interrogative Adjective: “Interrogative” means to question. Interrogative adjectives that modify nouns when there is a question about which one, what kind or how many.”

Interrogative Pronoun (Whose, Which, What) যখন Noun এর আগে বসে প্রশ্ন করে।

For Example:

Which house…………
What dessert ………..
Whose chair …………

** Which colour do you like best?

*** Which car is yours? (Interrogative Pronoun)

*** Which is yours? (Pronoun)

5. Relative Adjective: What, Which, Whom, Whose, Whichever, Whatever, etc যখন বাক্যের মধ্যবর্তী Noun এর আগে বসে adjective এর মতকাজ করে।

For Example:

Do you know what languages she speaks?
Saiful asked me which pen I liked.
We’ll have to say in whatever hotel we can find.
Whichever team wins, he’ll be a happy man.

6. Emphasizing Adjectives: Emphasizing adjectives are words that are used to emphasize nouns. Very, Own শব্দদ্বয় জোরসূচক Emphasizing Adjectives হিসেবে প্রয়োগ হয়।

For Example:

Perfect gentleman
Complete solution
Positive attitude

7. Possessive Adjective: The possessive adjectives are my, your, his, her, its, our, their, owns, it.

For Example:

This is her/my/his pen.
She likes your hat.
The child cried for its mother.

More Adjectives:

i. Qualitative Adjectives: These adjectives identify the qualities which someone or something has.

For Example:

Wise decision
Bright morning
Nice idea
Bad weather

ii. Classifying Adjectives : These identify someone or something as a member of a class.

For Example:

Financial Help
Daily Newspaper
Absolute majority

Some adjectives could be both classifying and qualitative.

iii. Colour Adjectives: It indicates the colour of something.

For example:

White paper
Blue shirt
Green field
Black rose

iv. Adjective of Quantity:

For Example: any, half, whole, huge, little, etc

v. – ing adjectives: These adjectives are normally qualitative adjectives. The other main group of ‘ing adjectives’ are used to describe a process or state that continues over a period of time.

Example:

A rolling stone gathers no moss.
In the last ten years there has been an alarming increase in the average temperature.
This has caused devastating effects in plantation.
A surprising number of people are experiencing difficulties with their firming.
In Bangladesh there are convincing examples of coping with the problems of draughts.
Challenging initiatives are to be taken soon to address the threatening impact of the high temperature.
The rising looks inspiring.

vi. – ed Adjectives: Have the same from as the past participle of a verb others are formed by adding – ed to a noun.

For Example:

a burnt child
a frightened person
an edited copy
a spoilt child
devoted student

vii. Irregular Adjectives: Good, well, evil, bad, ill, much, many, old, high. near, far, late, hind, in, out, after, over, under, neither, and so on.

SEQUENCE OF ADJECTIVES

NUMBER : Three

OPINION : Beautiful

SIZE : Small

AGE : Old

SHAPE : Rectangular

COLOUR : Brown

ORIGIN : Indian

MATERIAL : Wooden

PURPOSE : Study