HSCHSC Seen

HSC Unit : 4; Lesson 2; Traffic Capital of the World

I am in a tiny steel cage attached to a motorcycle, stuttering through traffic in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‹āĻŸāĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ–āĻžāĻāĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻļā§‡āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ°Â  āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻšā§‹āĻšāĻŸ āĻ–āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤

In the last ten minutes, we have moved forward maybe three feet, inch by inch, the driver wrenching the wheel left and right, wriggling deeper into the wedge between delivery truck and a rickshaw in front of us.

āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻĻāĻļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻžā§āĻšāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ‡āĻžā§āĻšāĻŋ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ‡āĻ­āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŽā§‹āĻšā§œāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡,āĻŽāĻžā§‡āĻšāĻĄāĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĨ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻļāĻžāĻ°  āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻŦāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻāĻŸāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤

Up ahead, the traffic is jammed so close together that pedestrians are climbing over pickup trucks and through empty rickshaws to cross the street.

āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡, āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻāĻ¤āĻŸāĻž āĻœā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒāĻĨāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§€āĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻ†āĻĒ āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ–āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻ āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

Two rows to my left is an ambulance, blue light spinning uselessly. This is what the streets here look like from seven o’clock in the morning until ten o’clock at night.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸, āĻ¨ā§€āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦā§‡āĻšā§āĻĻāĻž āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¤āĻŸāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ āĻĻāĻļāĻŸāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ§āĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ§āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

If you’re rich, you experience it from the back seat of a car. If you’re poor, you’re in a rickshaw, breathing in the exhaust.

āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§€ āĻšāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ—āĻ°ā§€āĻŦ āĻšāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻļāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

I’m sitting in the back of a CNG, a three-wheeled motorcycle shaped like a slice of pie and covered with scrap metal.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻ¨āĻœāĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻŸāĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒ āĻ§āĻžāĻ¤āĻŦ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤āĨ¤

I’m here working on a human rights project, but whenever I ask people in Dhaka what they think international organizations should really be working on, they tell me about the traffic.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋ, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤

Alleviating traffic congestion is one of the major development challenges of our time. Half the worlds population already lives in cities, and the United Nations (UN) estimates that the proportion will rise to nearly 70 percent by 2050. Dhaka, the world’s densest and fastest growing city, is a case study in how this problem got so bad and why it’s so difficult to solve.

āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻœāĻŸ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻžā§āĻœāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§‡āĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻļāĻšāĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ˜ā§‡āĻ° (āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻāĻ¨) āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻŸāĻŋ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ģā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ 70% āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ˜āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻļāĻšāĻ° āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ¤āĻ‡ āĻ–āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĒ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¸ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻĄāĻŋ  āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤

Dhaka’s infrastructure doesn’t match the scale of its population. Just 7 percent of the city is covered by roads, compared with around 25 percent of Paris and Vienna.

āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŽā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§¨ā§Ģ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻ‚āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° ā§­ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˜āĻžāĻŸā§‡ āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤

Dhaka also suffers from the absence of a planned road network. There are 650 major intersections, but only 60 traffic lights, many of which don’t work.

āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻĄāĻŧāĻ• āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŸāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ—āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ ā§Ŧā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ›ā§‡āĻĻ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ ā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤

That means the police force isn’t enforcing driving or parking rules; they’re in the intersections, directing traffic.

āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻļ āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§€ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž; āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§ŒāĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ•āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

The cost of Dhaka’s traffic congestion is estimated at $3.8 billion a year, and that’s just the delays and air pollution, not the less-tangible losses in quality of life.

āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻœāĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° ā§Š.ā§Ž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĻā§‚āĻˇāĻŖ, āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽ-āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ l

Paradoxically, the poor infrastructure is one of the reasons why the city is growing so fast.

āĻ…āĻĻā§āĻ­ā§āĻ¤āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡, āĻļāĻšāĻ° āĻāĻ¤ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹āĨ¤

Without roads or trains to whisk them to the suburbs, Dhaka residents have no choice but to crowd into the middle, set up slums between high-rises, and walk to work.

āĻ‰āĻĒ āĻļāĻšāĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ°ā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ›ā§œāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻž, āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§€āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§œ āĻŦā§œ āĻĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ­ā§€āĻ° āĻ•āĻ“āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻāĻŸā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻž āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžā§ŸāĻ“ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤

Then there are the users of the roads. Besides pedestrians, the narrow lanes are shared by bicycles, rickshaws, scooters, motorcycles, CNGs, buses, and Cars.

āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĻ°āĻžāĻ“ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻĨāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§€āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ, āĻ¸āĻ°ā§ āĻ—āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛, āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻļāĻž, āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°, āĻŽā§‹āĻŸāĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛, āĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻ¨āĻœāĻŋ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

All these modes take up a different amount of space and have different top speeds. Most people you talk to in Bangladesh blame the traffic jams on the rickshaws.

āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻœāĻžā§ŸāĻ—āĻž āĻĻāĻ–āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‡āĻžāĻšā§āĻš āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ“ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§‡āĻļā§€āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻœāĻŸāĻ°ā§‡ āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

There are too many of them, they say, and they drive so slowly that they trap the cars, buses and CNGs behind them.

āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡â€ĄāĻ• āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ¤ āĻ§ā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ§ā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻ¨āĻœāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻĻā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤

The government is under pressure to designate some lanes as car-only, to build wider roads and overpasses, to take the slow traffic out from in front of the fast.

āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻĒā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ—āĻžā§œāĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ°āĻžāĻĻā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ°, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋāĻ°, āĻĻā§āĻ°ÃĻāĻ¤ āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§ā§€āĻ° āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĻ°āĨ¤

And this brings us to the third reason why the traffic problem is so difficult to solve. All of these fixes sound easy and obvious, but they come at a cost.

āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻ¤āĻŸāĻž āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻļā§‹āĻ§āĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ“ āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤

One and a half million people drive rickshaws for a living, plus another few hundred thousand own and repair them.

āĻĻā§‡āĻĄāĻŧ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ• āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻļāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ• āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚  āĻŽā§‡āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

Government efforts to get people out of rickshaws and into buses and trains are going to attract huge opposition.

āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻĒ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•āĻœāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŦā§œ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§‹āĻ§ā§€āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ¸āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ‡āĨ¤

Even increasing bus capacity is more complicated than it sounds. A 2009 World Bank analysis found 60 separate bus companies in Dhaka.

āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻļā§‹āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻœāĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛|ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§¯ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‚āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻˇāĻŖā§‡ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžā§Ÿ 60 āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

Since the bus companies compete with one another, the drivers have every incentive to drive aggressively and take more passengers than the buses can hold.

āĻ¯ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻš āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

What’s more, the public transport isn’t all that public. Many of the bus companies are owned or linked to political parties or powerful trade unions.

āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•ā§€, āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻĒā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻŸ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻĻāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§€ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻĄ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

Government efforts to unify or regularize the system would amount to a hostile takeover of all of these small companies.

āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ•ā§€āĻ­ā§‚āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•ā§‚āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻĒ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ  āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

The obvious solution is to separate the rickshaws from the cars, from the CNGs, give each of them lanes and lights according to their top speed, and crucially, make car drivers pay the cost of taking up more space on the roads.

āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻš’āĻ˛ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻļāĻž āĻ†āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž, āĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻ¨āĻœāĻŋ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ•āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āĻˇ āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡, āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻ•āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤

But that, politically speaking, is unrealistic. Car owners are a small part of the population, but they are the most influential. Every year, Dhaka adds an extra 37,000 cars to its already overcrowded roads

āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡, āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§ˆāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§€āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°, āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ ā§Šā§­,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

Think about all this from a Bangladeshi politician’s point of view. Any attempt to solve the traffic mess means annoying the poor, the middle class, and the rich all at once.

āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļā§€ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¨ā§€āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ˛āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ°, āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ• āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤

Thanks to the donors, In 2012, the government announced a $2.75 billion plan to build a metro rail system and a $45 million bus rapid-transit line from the airport. For residents of Dhaka, it will come as a relief.

āĻĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ, ā§¨ā§Ļā§§ā§¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ ā§Ēā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨āĻœāĻŋāĻŸ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ ā§¨.7575 āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻ˜ā§‹āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

Whenever I asked my Bangladesh colleagues how long it would take to get somewhere, they always gave two answers: “Without traffic, maybe fifteen minutes. But with traffic? Who knows?”

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻšāĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžāĻ“ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ¤āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ—āĻŦā§‡, āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛: “āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻŸā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡? āĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡?”

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

1.Stuttering

2.Wrenching

3.Wriggling

4.Wedge

5.Spinning

6.Exhaust

7.Scrap

8.Alleviating

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

1. /|A / āĻ¤ā§‹āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻž; āĻ¤ā§‹āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĻŋ, ‡nuvPU,

2./verb/ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž; āĻ¸āĻšāĻ•āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž;

3./verb/ āĻ›āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž; āĻŽā§‡āĻžāĻšāĻĄāĻŧ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž;

4./verb/ āĻ—ā§‹āĻāĻœ, āĻ–ā§‹āĻāĻŸāĻž, āĻ•ā§€āĻ˛āĻ•

5./noun/ āĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻ¨āĻž; āĻ˜ā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ;

6./verb/ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻƒāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛āĻž, āĻļā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž, āĻ§ā§āĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻˇā§āĻĒ āĻŦāĻšāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨ

7./verb/ āĻŸā§āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹; āĻ›āĻžāĻāĻŸ; āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž

8./adjective/ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĒāĻ•;

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

9. Proportion

10. Infrastructure

11. Enforcing

12. Congestion

13. Estimated

14. Tangible

15. Paradoxically

16. Suburbs

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

9. verb/ āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°, āĻ†ā§ŸāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤, āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤

10. /noun/ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹; āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹;

11. /verb/ āĻœāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž; āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž; āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨;

12.  /noun/ āĻœāĻ¨āĻžāĻœā§€āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¤āĻž, āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋ-āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻžā§āĻšā§Ÿā§â€Œ

13.  /verb/ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

14.  /noun/ āĻ§āĻ°āĻžāĻ›ā§‡āĻžāĻā§ŸāĻž, āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ“ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ

15.  /adjective/ āĻ†āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§ˆāĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ¤; āĻ•ā§‚āĻŸāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ•;

16. /noun/ āĻļāĻšāĻ°āĻ¤āĻ˛ā§€; āĻ•āĻ¸āĻŦāĻž; āĻļāĻšāĻ°āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻŋ; āĻ‰āĻĒāĻĒā§āĻ°; āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ—āĻ°;

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Voacbulary

17. Designate

18. Obvious

19. Complicated

20. Regularized

21. Hostile

22. Crucially

23. Unrealistic

24. Influential

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

17. /verb/ āĻ†āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžBāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

18. /adj/ āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸ, āĻ¸āĻšāĻœā§‡ āĻŦā§‹āĻ§āĻ—āĻŽā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸ

19. /adjective/ āĻœāĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛; āĻ•ā§‚āĻŸ; āĻ•ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛; āĻ–āĻŸāĻŽāĻŸ; āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻŽ;

20.  /verb/ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž;

21. /adj/ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻž-āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿ

22./ adj/ āĻšā§‚ā§œāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤; āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ•

23.  /adj/ Aev¯Íe,

24. /adj/ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§€, āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨