SSC Unit : 8; Lesson 1(B); The Shat Gambuj Mosque
âHeritageâ is what we inherit from the past, live with them in the present and then pass on to our children or future generation. Our unique source of life and inspiration is our cultural and natural heritage.
āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ, āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻšāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻā§āĻ¸ āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻžāĨ¤
When we speak of âWorld Heritageâ, it indicates places and sites that we got from the past and pass on to the future generation of the entire world.
āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋ, āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ āĻāĻžā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§ā§ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĨ¤
The âShat Gambuj Mosqueâ in Bagerhat is such a heritage. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Originally, the historic Mosque City was known as â Khalifatabadâ.
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻˇāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŽāĻ¸āĻāĻŋāĻĻ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ āĻāĻ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ģ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§ā§ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻ¸āĻāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻļāĻšāĻ° âāĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻĢāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻâ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
It is situated at the outskirts of Bagerhat town— not very far from the dense mangrove forest of the Sundarbans. Khalifatabad was a Muslim colony.
āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĻžāĻ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¨ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻĢāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŋāĻŽ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĨ¤
It was founded by the Turkish general, a saint warrior Ulugh Khan Jahan in the 15th century. The infrastructure of the city reveals significant technical skills in many mosques as well as early Islamic monuments.
āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻĻāĻļ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻĒāĻ°āĻžā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻž āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ āĻŦāĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻā§ā§āĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŽā§āĻ āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻ¸āĻāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻ¤ āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
Baked bricks are used for the construction of the buildings. The planning of the city is distinctly dominated by Islamic architecture and the decorations are a combination of Mughal and Turkish architecture.
āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§ā§āĻž āĻāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻžāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻ˛āĻāĻāĻ°āĻŖā§ āĻŽā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§āĨ¤
Khan Jahan built a network of roads, bridges, public buildings and reservoirs to make the city habitable. There are about 360 mosques in the city.
āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻĨā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§ā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž, āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻ¸āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻļāĻšāĻ°āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻšā§āĨ¤āĻļāĻšāĻ°āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§ ā§Šā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻ¸āĻāĻŋāĻĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
Among them the most remarkable is the multi-domed Shat Gombuj Mosque. The mosque is unique in the sense that it has 60 pillars that support the roof, with 77 low height domes.
āĻāĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻˇāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ āĻŽāĻ¸āĻāĻŋāĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻ¸āĻāĻŋāĻĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§ āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯ā§, āĻāĻ¤ā§ ā§Ŧā§ĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻŽ āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻžāĻĻāĻā§ āĻ§āĻ°ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĨ¤āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ ā§ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
The 4 towers at 4 corners have smaller domes on the roof as well. The vast prayer hall has 11 arched doorways on the east and 7 each on the north and south for light and Ventilation.
āĻāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨āĻžā§ āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ ā§§ā§§āĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĻāĻ°āĻāĻž āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§ āĻ āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° âāĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻžā§ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĻāĻ°āĻāĻž āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
It has 7 aisles running along the length of the mosque and 11 deep curves between the slender stone columns. These columns support the curving arches created by the domes.
āĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻ¸āĻāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻ° ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻĄā§āĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ ā§§ā§§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĨ¤āĻāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŽā§āĻāĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
The thickness of the arches is 6 feet and have slightly narrowing hollow and round wall. The west wall in the interior has 11 âmihrabsâ (niche in mosque pointing towards Makkah).
āĻāĻ āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ ā§ŦāĻĢāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻĒāĻž āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĻā§ā§āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻ¸āĻāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§ āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻĻā§ā§āĻžāĻ˛āĻāĻŋ ā§§ā§§āĻāĻŋ âāĻŽā§āĻšāĻ°āĻžāĻŦâ āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§ (āĻ¸āĻŽāĻāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻļāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§)āĨ¤
These mihrabs are decorated with stonework and terracotta. The floor of the mosque is made of brick. Besides being used as a prayer hall, Khan Jahan used the mosque as his court also.
âāĻŽāĻŋāĻšāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻā§āĻ˛ā§â āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ āĻ˛āĻāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻ¸āĻāĻŋāĻĻāĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻāĻā§āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻ¸āĻāĻŋāĻĻāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžā§āĻžāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻ° āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
Today, it is one of the greatest tourist attractions and one of the best architectural beauties of Bangladesh.
āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋāĨ¤
English | evsjv |
Vocabulary
1.Heritage (n) 2.Inherit (v) 3.Unique (adj) 4.Source (n) 5.Inspiration (n) 6.Cultural (adj) 7.Indicate (v) 8.Entire (adj) |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
1.āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯ 2.āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž 3.āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ 4.āĻā§āĻ¸ 5.āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻž 6.āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ 7.āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļ 8.āĻ¸āĻŽāĻā§āĻ° |
English | evsjv |
Vocabulary
09. Historic (adj) 10. Outskirts (n) 11. Dense (adj) 12. Colony (n) 13. Saint (n) 14. Warrior (n) 15. Infrastructure (n) 16. Significant (adj) |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
ā§Ļā§¯. āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻĻā§āĻļ ā§§ā§§. āĻāĻ¨/ āĻāĻā§āĻ° ā§§ā§¨. āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ ā§§ā§Š. āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻ, āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻĒāĻ°āĻžā§āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ ā§§ā§Ē. āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻž ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻ āĻŦāĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§ ā§§ā§Ŧ. āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ |
English | evsjv |
Vocabulary
17. Technical (adj) 18. Dominate (v) 19. Architecture (n) 20. Combination (n) 21. Reservoirs (n) 22. Habitable (adj) 23. Ventilation (n) 24. Aisle (n) |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
ā§§ā§. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻ¤ ā§§ā§Ž. āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻž, āĻāĻ§āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§§ā§¯. āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ ā§¨ā§Ļ. āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§ ā§¨ā§§. āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ° ā§¨ā§¨. āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ ā§¨ā§Š. āĻŦāĻžā§ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ˛ ā§¨ā§Ē. āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻĄā§āĻ° |
English | evsjv |
Vocabulary
25. Slender (adj) 26. Curving (v) 27. Interior (adj) 28. Create (v) 29. Domes (n) 30. Tourist (n) 31. Decoration (n) 32. Attraction (n) |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
ā§¨ā§Ģ. āĻ¸āĻ°ā§ ā§¨ā§Ŧ. āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ ā§¨ā§. āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° ā§¨ā§Ž. āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§¨ā§¯. āĻāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ ā§Šā§Ļ. āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ ā§Šā§§. āĻ āĻ˛āĻāĻā§āĻ¤āĻāĻ°āĻŖ ā§Šā§¨. āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻš |