HSCHSC Seen

HSC Unit : 15; Lesson : 2 Access to Higher Education in Bangladesh

Tertiary education in Bangladesh comprises two categories of institutions: degree-awarding universities and colleges affiliated with the National University (NU). There were only 4 universities in Bangladesh at the time of independence in 1971.

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡; āĻĄāĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻœāĻžāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡āĻœāĨ¤ ā§§ā§¯ā§­ā§§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

All of those universities were publicly financed autonomous entities. At present, there are 35 such universities. Private universities are a relatively new phenomenon in this country.

āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ ā§Šā§ĢāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻāĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡ āĻ¤ā§‚āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¯ā§‹āĻœāĻ¨āĨ¤

In the early 1990 s, the private sector came forward to establish universities. Since then the country has experienced spectacular growth in private universities-mostly in and around Dhaka and a couple of other large cities.

ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Ļ āĻĻāĻļāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ° āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ“ āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻļā§‡āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§ƒāĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

At present, there are 79 private universities. The number of colleges providing tertiary level education is around 1,400. Most of them offer BA (pass) education of three-year duration; only one-third of them offer B.A. (Honors) courses and some offer MA degrees as well. All of these colleges are affiliated with the National University.

āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ ā§­ā§¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§§,ā§Ēā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡āĻœ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ‚āĻļāĻ‡ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ (āĻĒāĻžāĻ¸) āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ­āĻžāĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻŦāĻŋāĻ (āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨) āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¸ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻžā§‡ āĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡āĻœāĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĨ¤

Accessibility to higher education implies that students get the opportunity to get a university education and sufficient support from educational institutions. Increasing enrollment at the secondary and higher secondary level puts pressure on higher educational institutions.

āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻš āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ¸āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻš āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻšāĻ¤āĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻĒ āĻ¸ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

But due to limited capacity, only a small number of students may be enrolled in universities. Thus, each year a large number of students are denied access to higher education. Also, due to poverty and an increase in educational expenses, students of the lower middle class do not get easy access to higher education.

āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ…āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ­āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻ‚, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻš āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻŦāĻžā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻŽā§‚āĻ˛āĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŖāĻŋāĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšā§āĻš āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¸āĻšāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤

Moreover, those who get places in the universities have limited access to avail all kinds of diversified educational facilities relating to their study fields.

āĻ¤āĻĻā§āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§ˆāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§€āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

Only about 12 percent of graduates enter higher educational institutions. More than 80 percent of these students are admitted to NU affiliated colleges. Others are absorbed by the public and private universities.

āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ ā§§ā§¨ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¤āĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¤āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻĻā§‡āĻ° ā§Žā§Ļ āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻ‚āĻļā§‡āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€ āĻœāĻžāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡āĻœā§‡ āĻ­āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĨ¤āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ“ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ­āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

In the last two decades, there has been a substantial rise in the number of students in private universities. According to the UGC Annual Report 2010, the number rose from 88,669 in 2005 to 2,00,752 in 2010.

āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ āĻĻāĻļāĻ•ā§‡, āĻŦā§‡āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ° āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°-āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻœāĻŋāĻ¸āĻŋ-āĻāĻ° ā§¨ā§Ļā§§ā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°ā§‡, ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ģ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž ā§Žā§Ž,ā§Ŧā§Ŧā§¯ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻĄāĻŧā§‡ ā§¨ā§Ļā§§ā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ ā§¨,ā§Ļā§Ļ,ā§­ā§Ģā§¨ āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

Public universities in Bangladesh

Public Universities are the first choices of most students. The public universities offer a wide range of subjects in Science, Commerce, Liberal Arts, Humanities, Engineering and Technology, Law, Education and Medicine.

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸āĻŽā§‚āĻš

āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĻ°āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨, āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āĻ¯, āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ˛āĻž, āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāĻ˛ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

Public universities attract the best minds to teaching although monetary compensation for teachers is anything but attractive. Library, laboratory, internet and research facilities are much better there than anywhere else in the country.

āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŽā§‡āĻ§āĻžāĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ• āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“
āĻ¤āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž/āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‹āĻˇāĻŋāĻ•, āĻŽā§‹āĻŸā§‡āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—āĻž āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦāĻ°ā§‡āĻŸāĻ°āĻŋ, āĻ‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ā§‡āĻŸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—āĻŦā§‡āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤

Seminars, symposiums, lectures, workshops, debates and exhibitions are often held in these institutions and there is ample scope for national and international exposure for promising young knowledge seekers.

āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¨, āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻļāĻžāĻ˛āĻž, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ā§€ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§‡āĻˇāĻŖāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻžāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

Moreover, public universities offer residential and boarding facilities at low cost/subsidized rates.

āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ–āĻ°āĻšā§‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

1.Tertiary

2.Comprise

3.Categories

4.Affiliated

5.Autonomous

6.Entities

7.Accessibility

8.Implies

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

1./noun/ āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŖā§€āĻ°, āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ°, āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ

2./verb/ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ­ā§‚āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž

3. /noun/ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŖā§€; āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ; āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ; āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ; āĻ—āĻŖ;

4. /adjective/ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸ; āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§;

5./adj/ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžā§ŸāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¤

6./noun/ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻž; āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ; āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ; āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻļā§€āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§;

7./noun/ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° ; āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻ¯ā§‡āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž ; āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ—āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž

8./verb/ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž; āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ§āĻ°āĻž; āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž; āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨; āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž; āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž;

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

9. Sufficient

10. Enrollment

11. Expenses

12. Avail

13. Diversified

14. Monetary

15. Compensation

16. Symposium

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

9. /noun/ āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ; āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯; āĻ¸āĻšā§āĻšāĻ˛

10. /noun/ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻž; āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ

11. /noun/ āĻĒāĻĨāĻ–āĻ°āĻš; āĻ°āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ–āĻ°āĻš; āĻšāĻžāĻ¤-āĻ–āĻ°āĻš; āĻ–āĻ°āĻšāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ°;

12. /noun/ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžā§ŸāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻ˛āĻžāĻ­ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ• āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž

13.  /adjective/ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°; āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨; āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻ§; āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯;

14. /adj/ āĻŸāĻžāĻ•āĻž-āĻ•ā§œāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§ŸāĻ•, āĻ†āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ•

15. /noun/ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋāĻĒā§‚āĻ°āĻŖ ; āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻ¤

16. /noun/ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¨Â ; āĻ¸āĻ­āĻž ; āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¸āĻ­āĻž ; āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĻžāĻšāĻ•ā§āĻ°

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

17. Ample

18. Exposure

19. Promising

20. Seeker

21. Residential

22. Boarding

23. Subsidized

24. Workshop

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

17. /adj/ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšā§āĻ°, āĻŦā§ƒāĻšā§Ž

18. /noun/ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ; āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻļ; āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛

19. /adj/ āĻ†āĻļāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻ, āĻ‰āĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§Ÿ

20. /noun/ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§‡āĻˇā§€; āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§‡āĻˇāĻ•; āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ;

21. /adj/ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨-āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§€ā§Ÿ; āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ•

22.  /verb/ āĻ•āĻžāĻˇā§āĻ āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž; āĻœāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž; āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž; āĻ‰āĻ āĻž;

23. /verb/ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ†āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯;

24. /noun/ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨āĻž;