HSC Unit 12; Lesson :2; The Hakaluki Haor
Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources. It has numerous river canals, beels, lakes, and vast areas of floodplains. Hakaluki haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh.
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With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in April 1999 by the government of Bangladesh.
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Hakaluki is a complex ecosystem, containing more than 238 interconnecting beels and jalmahals. The most important beels are Chatla, Pinlarkona, Dulla, Sakua, Barajalla, Balijhuri, Lamba, Tekonia, Haorkhal, Tural, Baghalkuri and Chinaura.
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Hakaluki Haor is bounded by the Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river to the north, by the Fenchuganj-Kulaura railway to the west and to the south,and by the Kulaura-Beanibazar road to the east.
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The haor falls under two administrative districts, Maulvibazar and Sylhet. Some 190,000 people live in the area surrounding the haor.
āĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĒā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻšāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŖāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻžā§ ā§§ā§¯ā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda and Chapila are the main fish species found here.
āĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻā§āĻ¸āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¸, āĻŦā§ā§āĻžāĻ˛, āĻ°ā§āĻ, āĻāĻžāĻāĻ, āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻ āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĨ¤
From the Kushiara there are frequent upstream movement of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries.
āĻā§āĻļāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻāĻžā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻĻā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĒā§ā§āĨ¤ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻā§ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§ā§āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĨ¤
In early monsoon these mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are also an important source of fisheries resources within the area.
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However, many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parent fish.
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The haor is a very important resting place for migratory waterfowls flying in from the north. The most interesting species is the Barheaded Goose, which is now hardly seen in fresh water wetlands.
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Many other important species of waterfowls make the Haor their temporary home. Unfortunately, illegal poaching has been a threat to the waterfowl population in this vast wetland.
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Hakaluki haor is known as a good grazing land in winter. People from villages around the Haor and also from distant areas send their herds for grazing.
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During this time, herders make temporary shelters near the beels and graze their animals for a period of 4-5 months.
āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻŋāĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§Â¯āĻĨāĻ˛ āĻā§ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ ā§Ē āĻĨā§āĻā§ ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻ§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻļā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ°āĻžā§āĨ¤
The Haor had very dense swamp forests in the past, but deforestation and a lack of conservation practices have virtually destroyed this unique forest in the last two decades.
āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻā§āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦāĻŋā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§āĻāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻāĻ¤ āĻĻā§,āĻĻāĻļāĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ āĻāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¨āĻâāĻŽāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
Two small patches of swamp forests still exist in the area of which one is in Chatla beel and the other near the village of Kalikrishnapur. With the exception of these two swamp forest patches, the vegetation surrounding Hakaluki haor is unique.
āĻāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻâāĻŽāĻŋāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻĒā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻāĻžā§āĻžāĻāĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻš āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
It includes both swamp forest as well as mixed evergreen rain forest. Thatching material is the most useful natural wetland product of the area.
āĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻâāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻĨāĻž āĻšāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ°āĻāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻŋāĻ°āĻšāĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžā§āĻžāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻš’āĻ˛ āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĻāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
The haor system provides a wide range of economic and non-economic benefits to the local people as well as to the people of Bangladesh.
āĻšāĻžāĻā§ āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ā§ āĻ¤āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒāĻ āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĨ¤
These include fish production, rice production, cattle and buffalo rearing, duck rearing, collection of reeds and grasses, and collection of aquatic and other plants.
āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻ¸ āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨, āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨, āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻļā§ āĻ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻˇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨, āĻšāĻžāĻāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨, āĻ¨āĻ˛āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻš āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ āĻ āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĨ¤
The haor system also protects the lower floodplains from flash floods occurring in the months of April-May, maintains the supply of fish in other lower water bodies and provides habitat for migratory and local waterfowls.
āĻšāĻžāĻā§ āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ˛-āĻŽā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§ āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¤āĻ˛ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻā§ āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§, āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻāĻžā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĨāĻŋ āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĻā§ā§āĨ¤
The unique haor system contributes to the beauty of the landscape both during the monsoon and the dry season.
āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ āĻļā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŽā§āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻžāĻā§ āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻâāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻžā§āĻžā§āĨ¤
In monsoon, its unique scenic beauty makes it a huge natural bowl of water and in the dry season it becomes a vast green grassland with pockets of beels serving as resting places for migratory birds. This unique natural system can be a major attraction for tourists.
āĻŦāĻˇāĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻš āĻŽā§āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ āĻāĻ° āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŽā§āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĨāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ˛ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŦā§āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻŖāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšā§ā§ āĻāĻ ā§āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ āĻŦā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻˇāĻŖ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
New Word
1.Adjacent 2.Administrative 3.Biodiversity 4.Bounded 5. Dewatering 6. Downstream 7.Ecologically |
āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
ā§§āĨ¤ āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛āĻā§āĻ¨ ā§¨āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ ā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ° ā§ĒāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ ā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻļāĻ¨ ā§ŦāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž ā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
8. Ecosystem
9. Exist 10. Fisheries 11. Frequent 12. Fry 13. Guess 14. Hub 15. Inland |
ā§ŽāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°
ā§¯āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž ā§§ā§ĻāĨ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ¸ āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ° ā§§ā§§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ ā§§ā§¨āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ, āĻ°ā§āĻŖā§ ā§§ā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§§ā§ĒāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ˛ ā§§ā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§ā§ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻāĻžāĻ¤ |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
16. Interconnect
17. Numerous 18. Parent Fish 19. Periodically 20. Resources 21. Tributary 22. Upstream 23. Aquatic |
ā§§ā§ŦāĨ¤ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻāĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž
ā§§ā§āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¯, āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ ā§§ā§ŽāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨ āĻāĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ ā§§ā§¯āĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§ ā§¨ā§ĻāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻŋ, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ ā§¨ā§§āĨ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻĻā§ ā§¨ā§¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ ā§¨ā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻāĻ˛āĻ |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
24. Decade
25. Deforestation 26. Dense 27. Distant 28. Economic 29. Flash Flood 30. Grazing 31. Habitat |
ā§¨ā§ĒāĨ¤ āĻĻāĻļāĻ
ā§¨ā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ§āĻ¨, āĻ āĻ°āĻŖā§āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻžāĻļ ā§¨ā§ŦāĨ¤ āĻāĻ¨, āĻāĻžā§ ā§¨ā§āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻ¨āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§, āĻŦāĻšā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ ā§¨ā§ŽāĨ¤ āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ ā§¨ā§¯āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻž ā§Šā§ĻāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ, āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ ā§Šā§§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ¸, āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸Â¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
33. Herder
34. Migratory 35. Patch 36. Poaching 37. Reed 38. Scenic 39. Species 40. Swamp |
ā§Šā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻĒāĻļā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ
ā§Šā§ĒāĨ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ°āĻŖāĻļā§āĻ˛ ā§Šā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§Šā§ŦāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° ā§Šā§āĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻ˛ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻž ā§Šā§ŽāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯ ā§Šā§¯āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ ā§Ēā§ĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻ˛āĻž, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
41. Temporary
42. Thatching 43. Vegetation 44. Virtually 45. Waterfowl 46. Wetland |
ā§Ēā§§āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§ā§, āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻā§āĻŦā§
ā§Ēā§¨āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžā§āĻžāĻ, āĻā§ āĻŽāĻžā§āĻžāĻ ā§Ēā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻž ā§Ēā§ĒāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤, āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ¤, āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤ ā§Ēā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻāĻ˛āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻŋ, āĻāĻ˛āĻā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻ ā§Ēā§ŦāĨ¤ āĻāĻĻā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋ, āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻļā§ |