HSC Unit: 12; Lesson: 4; Threats to Tiger of Mangrove Forest
A vast mangrove forest shared by Bangladesh and India that is home to possibly 500 Bengal tigers is being rapidly destroyed by erosion, rising sea levels and storm surges, according to a major study by researchers at the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and others.
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The Sundarbans forest took the brunt of super cyclone Sidr in 2007, but new satellite studies show that 71% of the forested coastline is retreating by as much as 200 metres a year.
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĄāĻ°-āĻāĻ° āĻ§āĻāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻšā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻ¯ā§, āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻļāĻ¤āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§ā§§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻāĻ°ā§ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
If erosion continues at this pace, already threatened tiger populations living in the forests will be put further at risk.
āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇā§ āĻāĻ āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻšā§āĻŽāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšā§āĻŽāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻŦā§āĨ¤
Natalie Pettorelli, one of the reportâs authors, said: âCoastline retreat is evident everywhere. A continuing rate of retreat would see these parts of the mangrove disappear within 50 years.
āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻ°âā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§, āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, â āĻ¤āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻž āĻ āĻĒāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ āĻĒāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§āĻ° āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļāĻā§āĻ˛ā§ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŦāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
On the Indian side of the Sundarbans, the island which extends most into the Bay of Bengal has receded by an average of 150 metres a year, with a maximum of just over 200 metres; this would see the disappearance of the island in about 20 years.â
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The Sundarbans is known for vanishing islands but the scientists said the current retreat of the mangrove forests on the southern coastline is not normal.
āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĒā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§Â āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ°āĻžÂ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ¤āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ āĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ¨ā§āĨ¤
âThe causes for increasing coastline retreat, other than direct anthropogenic ones, include increased frequency of storm surges and other extreme natural events, rises in sea-level and increased salinity which increases the vulnerability of mangroves,â said Pettorelli.
âāĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻžā§āĻžāĻ āĻ¤āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§ āĻ āĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻ¨āĻāĻ¨ āĻā§- āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ˛āĻŦāĻŖāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻ āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤Â āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§, â āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻ°âā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
âOur results indicate a rapidly retreating coastline that cannot be accounted for by the regular dynamics of the Sundarbans.
âāĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ āĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖāĻļā§āĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
Degradation is happening fast, weakening this natural shield for India and Bangladesh.â
āĻ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻāĻ°āĻā§āĨ¤
âAs human development thrives, and global temperature continues to rise, natural protection from tidal waves and cyclones is being degraded at alarming rates.
âāĻ¯ā§āĻšā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§ā§ā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻšā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻāĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
This will inevitably lead to species loss in this richly biodiversity part of the world, if nothing is done to stop it.â
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāĻ§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤ â
âThe Sundarbans is a critical tiger habitat; one of only a handful of remaining forests big enough to hold several hundred tigers.
āĻā§āĻĄāĻāĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇāĻā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, âāĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨; āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§ā§āĻāĻļāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻĨā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŦā§ā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻŽā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽā§ā§ āĻāĻ¤āĻāĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ° āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤
To lose the Sundarbans would be to move a step closer to the extinction of these majestic animals,â said ZSL tiger expert Sarah Christie.
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ā§ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§Â āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻāĻ āĻ§āĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ â
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
New Word
1.Mangrove (n) 2.Rapidly (adv) 3.Destroy (v) 4.Erosion (n) 5.Brunt (n) 6.Coastline (n) 7.Retreat (n) |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
1.āĻāĻˇā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ˛ā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻˇ 2.āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ 3.āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻāĻ¸ 4.āĻā§āĻˇā§/ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¨ 5.āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¤; āĻāĻžāĻĒ; āĻ§āĻāĻ˛ 6.āĻ¤āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻž, āĻāĻĒāĻā§āĻ˛āĻ°ā§āĻāĻž 7.āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
New Word
08. Threaten (v) 09. Evident (adj) 10. Disappear (v) 11. Extend (v) 12. Recede (v) 13. Vanish (v) 14. Anthropogenic (adj) |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
ā§Ļā§Ž. āĻšā§āĻŽāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž ā§Ļā§¯. āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻ, āĻ¸āĻšāĻāĻŦā§āĻ§ā§āĻ¯ ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻšā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻž ā§§ā§§. āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻā§āĻž ā§§ā§¨. āĻ¸āĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻž, āĻ āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻā§āĻž ā§§ā§Š. āĻ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻā§āĻž, āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž ā§§ā§Ē. āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
New Word
15. Frequency (n) 16. Salinity (n) 17. Vulnerability (n) 18. Indicate (v) 19. Account for (v) 20. Shield ((n) 21. Degrade (v) |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻĒā§āĻ¨:āĻĒā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ ā§§ā§Ŧ. āĻ˛āĻŦāĻŖāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻž ā§§ā§. āĻ āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž ā§§ā§Ž. āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž, āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§§ā§¯. āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§¨ā§Ļ. āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻ ; āĻĸāĻžāĻ˛ ā§¨ā§§. āĻ āĻ§āĻāĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻā§āĻž |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
New Word
22. Inevitably (adj) 23. Biodiversity (adj) 24. Extinction (n) |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
ā§¨ā§¨. āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ ā§¨ā§Š. āĻā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ° ā§¨ā§Ē. āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻŋ |