HSC Unit: 2: Lesson 4; Scientific Breakthroughs We Are Waiting For-II
Manned Mission to Mars
Putting men on Mars has been an idea in science fiction for quite a while. However, when man first walked on the Moon, walking on Mars suddenly seemed feasible.
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āĻŽāĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ āĻĢāĻŋāĻāĻļāĻ¨āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ, āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĻā§ āĻšā§āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻŽāĻā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ°āĻšā§ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻāĻž āĻšāĻ āĻžā§ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯.
A manned mission to Mars would be a huge milestone in space exploration. It would allow a more in-depth study of the Red Planet, and many have argued that building a permanent base on Mars is much more practical than building one on the Moon.
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A mission to Mars would be similar to the Moon landings, but much more difficult. The trip is about a hundred times longer, and there are new problems such as the Martian weather which must be considered.
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NASA currently has plans to have a man on Mars sometime in the 2030 s, while the ESA plans to do so also around the same time. Russia has plans to launch a manned Mars mission by 2020.
āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Šā§Ļ āĻāĻ° āĻĻāĻļāĻā§ āĻā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻāĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŽāĻā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ°āĻšā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨āĻā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ ESA āĻāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ. ā§¨ā§Ļā§¨ā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻĄ āĻŽāĻā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
Nano medicine
Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize several fields, but its greatest contribution may very well be in medicine.
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻā§āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ˛āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦ, āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻŦ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻˇā§āĻ§ā§āĨ¤
The applications of nanotechnology in medicine are literally endless. Molecules could be built to stick to and destroy cancer cells, and only cancer cells. Advanced drug delivery techniques could be used to deliver drugs to specific parts of the body and eliminate side effects.
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Microscopic robots could be used to perform ultra-delicate surgeries, to repair damaged tissues, or to hunt down and destroy certain cells, like cancer cells or bacteria.
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Nano medicine is currently in its infancy, but it may prove to be the biggest breakthrough in modern medicine since the first vaccine.
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻļāĻŦāĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§, āĻ¤āĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻ¤āĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻˇā§āĻ§āĨ¤
Journey to the Center of the Earth
In the 19th century, it was generally thought that man would reach the center of the Earth long before he reached the Moon.
āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž
19 āĻļāĻ¤āĻā§, āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻāĻā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻāĻĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
This shows just how unpredictable technology can be. A journey to the center of the Earth is actually much more difficult than it sounds.
āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋÂ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§. āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻž
The pressure at the center of the Earth is enormous because, quite literally, the entire weight of the world is on top of you.
āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻžāĻĒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻ, āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇā§ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
There is no known substance, not even carbon nano tubes, that can maintain its shape at such a great pressure.
āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ¨ā§āĻ, āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻŦāĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ, āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻāĻžāĻĒā§ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
While the Earth’s deep interior may offer vast amounts of energy, it may be quite a while before we can tap into it directly.
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻāĻā§āĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŦāĻ°āĻžāĻš āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§, āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
Vocabulary
1.Fiction 2.Feasible 3.Milestone 4.Exploration 5.Potential 6.Revolutionized 7.Literally |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
1. /noun/ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§; āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻĨāĻž 2./adv/ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻŦāĻĒāĻ°, āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ° 3./noun/ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽ; āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ§āĻžāĻĒ; āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻžāĻ¨; 4. /noun/ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻā§āĻ 5. adjective(1) āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯; āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ¨ā§ā§; āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤; āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĢā§āĻ; 6. /verb/ āĻāĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž 7. /adverb/ āĻ āĻā§āĻˇāĻ°ā§ āĻ āĻā§āĻˇāĻ°ā§; āĻ¸ā§āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻŋ; |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
Vocabulary
8. Infancy 9. Breakthrough 10. Unpredictable 11. Enormous 12. Interior |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
8. Â /noun/Â āĻļā§āĻļāĻŦ, (āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ°) āĻļā§āĻļāĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž 9. /noun/Â āĻļāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻĻ; āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯-āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¨; 10. /adj/Â āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯; āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤; āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ āĻ¨āĻž; 11. /adj/Â āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ ; āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄ; āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ° 12. /noun/Â āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŋāĻ |