HSCHSC Seen

HSC Unit: 2: Lesson 4; Scientific Breakthroughs We Are Waiting For-II

Manned Mission to Mars

Putting men on Mars has been an idea in science fiction for quite a while. However, when man first walked on the Moon, walking on Mars suddenly seemed feasible.

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āĻŽāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ•āĻļāĻ¨āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§‹āĻ•, āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĻā§‡ āĻšā§‡āĻāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻŽāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ˛ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻŸāĻž āĻšāĻ āĻžā§Ž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯.

A manned mission to Mars would be a huge milestone in space exploration. It would allow a more in-depth study of the Red Planet, and many have argued that building a permanent base on Mars is much more practical than building one on the Moon.

āĻŽāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ˛ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ• āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āĻ°āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻŦā§‡ āĻ°ā§‡āĻĄ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻŸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ˛ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¸ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¸ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĻ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•

A mission to Mars would be similar to the Moon landings, but much more difficult. The trip is about a hundred times longer, and there are new problems such as the Martian weather which must be considered.

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NASA currently has plans to have a man on Mars sometime in the 2030 s, while the ESA plans to do so also around the same time. Russia has plans to launch a manned Mars mission by 2020.

āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Šā§Ļ āĻāĻ° āĻĻāĻļāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŽāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ˛ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻšā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ ESA āĻāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§‡āĻ“ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ. ā§¨ā§Ļā§¨ā§Ļ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ°āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻĄ āĻŽāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ˛ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

Nano medicine

Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize several fields, but its greatest contribution may very well be in medicine.

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āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻŸā§‡āĻ•āĻ¨ā§‹āĻ˛āĻœāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ“āĻˇā§āĻ§ā§‡āĨ¤

The applications of nanotechnology in medicine are literally endless. Molecules could be built to stick to and destroy cancer cells, and only cancer cells. Advanced drug delivery techniques could be used to deliver drugs to specific parts of the body and eliminate side effects.

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Microscopic robots could be used to perform ultra-delicate surgeries, to repair damaged tissues, or to hunt down and destroy certain cells, like cancer cells or bacteria.

āĻ†āĻŖā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻŋāĻ• āĻ°ā§‹āĻŦāĻŸāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋ-āĻ¨āĻžāĻœā§āĻ• āĻļāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻˇ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻŸā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ•ā§‹āĻˇāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡āĨ¤

Nano medicine is currently in its infancy, but it may prove to be the biggest breakthrough in modern medicine since the first vaccine.

āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻŽā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻļā§ˆāĻļāĻŦāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻŦā§ƒāĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ…āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ“āĻˇā§āĻ§āĨ¤

Journey to the Center of the Earth

In the 19th century, it was generally thought that man would reach the center of the Earth long before he reached the Moon.

āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž

19 āĻļāĻ¤āĻ•ā§‡, āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒā§ŒāĻāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĻā§‡ āĻĒā§ŒāĻāĻ›āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡āĨ¤

This shows just how unpredictable technology can be. A journey to the center of the Earth is actually much more difficult than it sounds.

āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ  āĻ•ā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ…āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡. āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŸāĻž

The pressure at the center of the Earth is enormous because, quite literally, the entire weight of the world is on top of you.

āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻĒ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŸ, āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°āĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ“āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āĻˇā§‡ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

There is no known substance, not even carbon nano tubes, that can maintain its shape at such a great pressure.

āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡, āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻŸā§āĻŦāĻ“ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡, āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻšāĻžāĻĒā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

While the Earth’s deep interior may offer vast amounts of energy, it may be quite a while before we can tap into it directly.

āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āĻ° āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āĻ° āĻ…āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§‡ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŦāĻ°āĻžāĻš āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

1.Fiction

2.Feasible

3.Milestone

4.Exploration

5.Potential

6.Revolutionized

7.Literally

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

1. /noun/ āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§€; āĻ¸āĻžāĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹

āĻ•āĻĨāĻž

2./adv/ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāĻĒāĻ°, āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ°

3./noun/ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ;

āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ§āĻžāĻĒ; āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻžāĻ¨;

4. /noun/ āĻ†āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ–ā§‹āĻœ

5. adjective(1) āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯; āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ;

āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤; āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĢā§āĻŸ;

6. /verb/ āĻ†āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

7. /adverb/ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ°ā§‡;

āĻ¸ā§‡āĻžāĻœāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻœāĻŋ;

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

8. Infancy

9. Breakthrough

10. Unpredictable

11. Enormous

12. Interior

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

8.  /noun/ āĻļā§ˆāĻļāĻŦ, (āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§āĻ°) āĻļā§ˆāĻļāĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž

9. /noun/ āĻļāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‚āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻ­ā§‡āĻĻ; āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŸ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯-āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨;

10. /adj/ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§āĻ¯; āĻ…āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤; āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¨āĻž;

11. /adj/ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ ; āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄ; āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšā§āĻ°

12. /noun/ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•