HSC Unit : Two; Lesson 2; Science and Technology Against an Age-old Disease
When I started working on the research and science of leprosy more than a decade ago, people thought this chronic infectious disease would eliminate itself and burn out over time.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ āĻĻāĻļāĻā§āĻ°āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ§āĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻŦā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§, āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻž āĻā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻšā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§āĨ¤
We didnât have time for that. Why? Nearly 250,000 new cases of leprosy are diagnosed every year, and many more go undetected. Approximately 10 percent of new cases occur in children.
āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ¨? āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ 250,000 āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻāĻ°, āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ 10 āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
Even though itâs associated with biblical times, leprosy remains a problem in the modern era and was reported in 130 countries worldwide.
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§ ā§§ā§Šā§Ļ āĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻ°āĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
Itâs most prevalent in a number of countries throughout Africa, Asia and South America. Symptoms include progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes but they can take several years to appear, making the disease hard to diagnose at an early stage.
āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻāĻ° ââāĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ āĻāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻž, āĻāĻļāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻāĻŽā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻž āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ¯āĻžq āĻĻā§āĻļāĻā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āĨ¤āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻ, āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§, āĻ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻŦā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ āĻŦāĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŦāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§ āĨ¤
Even worse, leprosy comes with a stigma. Unlike most other diseases, leprosy results in isolation, as people with leprosy are often shunned.
āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĒ, āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻ¸ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻĒ, āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻļāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
The good news, however, is Greatest Scientific Achievements that we now have the key scientific solutions and momentum as well as key collaborations to finally have the opportunity to eliminate leprosy.
āĻ¤āĻŦā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻāĻŋ āĻš’āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻšāĻ¯ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĻž āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤
I couldnât have said this 10 years ago…. At IDRI, we are also attacking leprosy in two different ways.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŋ 10 ââāĻŦāĻāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ … āĻāĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ°āĻāĻ-āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻāĻŋāĨ¤
First, by developing a fast, easy-to-use test that provides an early diagnosis of infection before clinical symptoms, such as nerve damage, begin to appear.
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¤, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤, āĻ¸āĻšāĻā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§, āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
This new approach is far superior to the traditional method of diagnosis, which has generally involved clinical and/or microscopic assessment.
āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ / āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĨ¤
IDRI is also developing a companion test so that we can identify which people will likely progress to the disease and to determine the appropriate course of treatment.
āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ / āĻ āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĨ¤
And, second, by developing a vaccine that can be used therapeutically in conjunction with antibiotics to shorten therapy.
āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻĨā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĨā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĨ¤
IDRIâs diagnostic tools would be used to identify infected individuals and IDRIâs vaccine would then be used on a targeted basis for treatment of the patient as well as to immunize family members and close contacts.
āĻāĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ°āĻāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ°āĻāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻ¨āĻā§āĨ¤
This treatment and prevention strategy has been significantly bolstered by support from some pharmaceutical giants that donate the currently used antibiotics.
āĻāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻļāĻ˛āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĨ¤
The most exciting part of this breakthrough is the fact that were now right on the course of human clinical trials after a decade of leprosy vaccine development.
āĻāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻĨā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ āĻāĻļāĻāĻŋ āĻš’āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļā§āĻ° āĻĻāĻļāĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ āĻĻāĻļāĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĨ¤
The Food and Drug Administration will initially oversee the multi-stage trials in the USA before they move on to the Philippines, India and Brazil.
āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻāĻˇā§āĻ§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻŋ-āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¤āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻ¨, āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĨ¤
Global technology has been an integral part of our quest to eliminate leprosy. The rapid diagnostic test for leprosy infection, for example, was developed in conjunction with a Brazilian company.
āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ°āĻŖā§ āĻŦā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻā§āĻ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻž, āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻĒ, āĻāĻāĻ¯ā§āĻā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§āĨ¤
This company combined IDRIâs leprosy diagnostic antigens with a smart phone-based platform that standardizes the ability to accurately interpret results and get a quantitative value.
āĻāĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻāĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ°āĻāĻ’āĻ° āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻĢā§āĻ¨-āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĢāĻ˛āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž Â āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
The test requires just a single drop of blood, mixed with a developing reagent. The appearance of two lines indicates that the person is positive for leprosy.
āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻāĻāĻž āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĻāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻļā§āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāĨ¤
From there, the information from the phone is pushed to the person’s medical records.
āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĨā§āĻā§, āĻĢā§āĻ¨ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻŋāĻ ā§ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĨ¤
People around the world now believe we will soon have the tools to finally eliminate leprosy. The next step is making this disease disappear.
āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯ā§ āĻļā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āĻˇā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻĻāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻĒā§ āĻāĻ āĻ°ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĻžāĨ¤
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
Vocabulary
1.Antigen 2.Symptom 3.Stigma 4.Momentum 5.Microscope 6.Therapy 7.Eliminate 8.Quantitative 9.Gene |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
1./noun/ āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ°ā§āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§-āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§; 2. /noun/ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻ, āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨ 3./noun/ āĻāĻ˛āĻā§āĻ, āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻž, āĻ˛ā§āĻšāĻž;āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻžāĻ 4./noun/ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ, āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ,āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻāĻž 5./noun/ āĻ ā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° 6./noun/ āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ, āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤; āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨, āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ 7./verb/ āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž. āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž; āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž 8. /adj/ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻāĻ¤, āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ 9./noun/ āĻā§āĻ¨; āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻ āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻŦāĻāĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ¯āĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§; āĻŦāĻāĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§; |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
Vocabulary
9. Antibiotics 10. Chronic 11. Immunise 12. Therapeutic 13. Reagent 14. Synthesis 15. Standard 16. Elimination 17. Diagnosis |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
9. /noun/Â āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§-āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻžāĻ§ā§ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ; 10. Â /adj/Â āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžā§ā§; āĻŦāĻšā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ° 11. Â /verb/Â āĻ āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻž; 12. /adjective/āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¤; āĻā§āĻˇāĻ; 13. /noun/Â āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ, āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āĻ° āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ 14, /noun/Â āĻ¸āĻāĻļā§āĻ˛ā§āĻˇāĻŖ, āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§, āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻžā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ 15. /noun/Â āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ¨; āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻž 16. Â /noun/Â āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¨, āĻ āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨; āĻ āĻĒāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ 17. /noun/Â āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§ |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
Vocabulary
18. Donation 19. Undetected 20. Infectious 21. Prevalent 22. Progressive 23. Isolation 24. Shunned 25. Collaborations 26. Assessment |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
18. Â /noun/Â āĻāĻžāĻāĻĻāĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ° 19. /adj/Â āĻ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤; āĻ§āĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨; 20. /adj/Â āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ; āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ 21. /adj/Â āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§ā§ 22. /noun/Â āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛ 23. noun(1)Â āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻāĻ°āĻŖ; āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻāĻāĻ°āĻŖ; āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ°āĻŖ;Â (2)Â āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž 24. /verb/Â āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž; āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ˛āĻž; 25. Â /noun/Â āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯; āĻ¸āĻšāĻ¯ā§āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĻž; 26. noun(1)Â āĻāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ; āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ°;Â (2)Â āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžā§āĻ¨; |
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
Vocabulary
27. Companion 28. Therapeutically 29. Bolstered 30. Interpret |
āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°
27. /verb/Â āĻ¸āĻšāĻāĻ°, āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ 28. /adjective/Â āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ§āĻ; 29. Â /verb/Â āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ ā§āĻ¸ āĻĻā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨; āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ¨; āĻ ā§āĻ¸ āĻĻā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨; 30. Â /verb/Â āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž, āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž |