JSC Seen📖Class VIII

JSC Unit : 9; Lesson :2(B); The History Of The Wheel

image_pdfimage_print

Mr Ramis   : You know that invention of the wheel has helped to create a new civilization. But do you know who first used wheels?

āϰāĻŽāĻŋāϜ āϏāĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ: āϤ⧋āĻŽāϰāĻž āϜāĻžāύ⧋ āϝ⧇, āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāϤ⧁āύ āϏāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻž āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϤ⧋āĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āϜāĻžāύ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϕ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?

Rubina: No, teacher. But I guess it may be the Greeks.

āϰ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻž: āύāĻž āĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϰ! āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āϞ⧋āĻ•āϜāύ āϤāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

Mr Ramis : The Greeks were pioneers in many things. But in this case, however, the Mesopotamians were the first. The oldest ever wheel was discovered in Mesopotamia. It was in 3500 BC.

āϰāĻŽāĻŋāϜ āϏāĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ: āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻ—āĻŖ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻĒāĻĨāĻŋāĻ•ā§ƒā§Ž āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āϏ⧋āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋ⧟āĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§€āύāϤāĻŽ āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŽā§‡āϏ⧋āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϤ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ ā§Šā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āĨ¤

Rubina: Where is Mesopotamia?

āϰ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻž: āĻŽā§‡āϏ⧋āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋ⧟āĻž āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ?

Mr. Ramis: Well, Mesopotamia was in ancient Iraq. It was along the valley of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. After the Mesopotamians, the wheel was further improved by the Egyptians. They first made wheels with spokes. Then they used them on chariots around 2000 BC.

āϰāĻŽāĻŋāϜ āϏāĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ: āφāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, āĻŽā§‡āϏ⧋āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋ⧟āĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§€āύ āχāϰāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϤāĻžāχāĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāϏ āĻ“ āχāωāĻĢā§āϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāϏ āύāĻĻā§€āϰ āωāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻŦāϰāĨ¤ āĻŽā§‡āϏ⧋āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋ⧟āĻžāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ°ā§€ā§ŸāĻ—āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤ⧃āĻ• āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻž āφāϰāĻ“ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§‹āĻ• (āĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ) āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϕ⧇ āĻ–ā§āϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇ āϰāĻĨ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

Rubina: So the wheel travelled to Egypt from Mesopotamia?

āϰ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻž: āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŽā§‡āϏ⧋āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋ⧟āĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāϰ⧇ āĻ­ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?

Mr Ramis: Exactly. But it travelled eastwards too. Wheels reached the Indus Valley by 3000 BC. But chariots with spoked wheels were made in ancient India in around 1500 B.C. They were used for war, hunting and racing.

āϰāĻŽāĻŋāϜ āϏāĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ: āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āϤāĻžāχāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āĻ“ āĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ–āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ ā§Šā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āωāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ•āĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒ⧌āϛ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ–ā§āϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§€āύ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ“ āĻĻ⧌⧜ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϤ⧋āĨ¤

Rubina: What abot the Greeks, teacher? Didn’t they use wheels?

āϰ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻž: āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ–āĻŦāϰ āϕ⧀, āĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϰ? āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĻŋ?

Mr Ramis: They definitely did. In 1500 BC, the Greeks too learnt the idea of wheel-making from the Egyptians. They also made further improvements on it. Later, the Romans did the same too the produced a variety of wheeled vehicles.

āϰāĻŽāĻŋāϜ āϏāĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ: āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻ–ā§āϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āϰāĻž āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ°ā§€ā§ŸāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ•āϟ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āϞāĻžāĻ­ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ“ āĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϤāĻŋāϏāĻžāϧāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻžāĻ“ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϝāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻšāύ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž
01.   Create (v)

02.   Guess (v)

03.   Pioneers (n)

04.   Discover (v)

05.   Ancient (adj)

06.   Improve (v)

07.   Chariot (n)

08.   Travel (v)

09.   Further (adv)

10.   Egypt (n)

11.   Eastwards (adv)

12.   Reach (v)

13.   Racing (n)

14.   Produce (v)

15.   Variety (n)

ā§Ļā§§. āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž

ā§Ļ⧍. āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž

ā§Ļā§Š. āĻĒāĻĨāĻŋāĻ•ā§ƒā§Ž, āĻ…āĻ—ā§āϰāĻĻā§‚āϤ

ā§Ļā§Ē. āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž

ā§Ļā§Ģ. āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§€āύ

ā§Ļā§Ŧ. āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž

ā§Ļā§­. āϰāĻĨ

ā§Ļā§Ž. āĻ­ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž

ā§Ļ⧝. āφāϰāĻ“ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ

ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāϰ

ā§§ā§§. āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇

⧧⧍. āĻĒ⧇āĻžāρāĻ›āĻžāύ⧋

ā§§ā§Š. āĻĻ⧌⧜ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻž

ā§§ā§Ē. āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž

ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻŦ⧈āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *