JSC Unit : 9; Lesson :2(B); The History Of The Wheel
Mr Ramis  : You know that invention of the wheel has helped to create a new civilization. But do you know who first used wheels?
āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ: āϤā§āĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāύ⧠āϝā§, āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āύāϤā§āύ āϏāĻā§āϝāϤāĻž āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ?
Rubina: No, teacher. But I guess it may be the Greeks.
āϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻž: āύāĻž āϏā§āϝāĻžāϰ! āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻŽāύ⧠āĻšā§ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϏā§āϰ āϞā§āĻāĻāύ āϤāĻž āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
Mr Ramis : The Greeks were pioneers in many things. But in this case, however, the Mesopotamians were the first. The oldest ever wheel was discovered in Mesopotamia. It was in 3500 BC.
āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ: āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŖ āĻ āύā§āĻ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĒāĻĨāĻŋāĻā§ā§ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻŽā§āϏā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āύāϤāĻŽ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŽā§āϏā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦ ā§Šā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĨ¤
Rubina: Where is Mesopotamia?
āϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻž: āĻŽā§āϏā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻž āĻā§āĻĨāĻžā§?
Mr. Ramis: Well, Mesopotamia was in ancient Iraq. It was along the valley of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. After the Mesopotamians, the wheel was further improved by the Egyptians. They first made wheels with spokes. Then they used them on chariots around 2000 BC.
āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ: āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž, āĻŽā§āϏā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻž āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ āĻāϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϏ āĻ āĻāĻāĻĢā§āϰā§āĻāĻŋāϏ āύāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϤā§āϝāĻāĻž āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻŦāϰāĨ¤ āĻŽā§āϏā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻžāύāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāϰā§ā§āĻāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāύā§āύāϤ āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ āϏā§āĻĒā§āĻ (āĻĻāύā§āĻĄ) āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏā§āĻā§āϞā§āĻā§ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āϰāĻĨā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Rubina: So the wheel travelled to Egypt from Mesopotamia?
āϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻž: āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŽā§āϏā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāϰ⧠āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ?
Mr Ramis: Exactly. But it travelled eastwards too. Wheels reached the Indus Valley by 3000 BC. But chariots with spoked wheels were made in ancient India in around 1500 B.C. They were used for war, hunting and racing.
āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ: āĻ āĻŋāĻ āϤāĻžāĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦ ā§Šā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϏāĻŋāύā§āϧ⧠āĻāĻĒāϤā§āϝāĻāĻžā§ āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻĻāύā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻā§āϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϏā§āĻā§āϞ⧠āϝā§āĻĻā§āϧ, āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻĻā§ā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϝā§āĻāĻŋāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤā§āĨ¤
Rubina: What abot the Greeks, teacher? Didn’t they use wheels?
āϰā§āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻž: āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāϰ āĻā§, āϏā§āϝāĻžāϰ? āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āύāĻŋ?
Mr Ramis: They definitely did. In 1500 BC, the Greeks too learnt the idea of wheel-making from the Egyptians. They also made further improvements on it. Later, the Romans did the same too the produced a variety of wheeled vehicles.
āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ: āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāϰā§ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āϤā§āϰāĻŋāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āϞāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āĻ āύā§āĻ āĻāύā§āύāϤāĻŋāϏāĻžāϧāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤā§āϤ⧠āϰā§āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻžāĻ āϏā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϝāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻšāύ āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž |
01.  Create (v)
02.  Guess (v) 03.  Pioneers (n) 04.  Discover (v) 05.  Ancient (adj) 06.  Improve (v) 07.  Chariot (n) 08.  Travel (v) 09.  Further (adv) 10.  Egypt (n) 11.  Eastwards (adv) 12.  Reach (v) 13.  Racing (n) 14.  Produce (v) 15.  Variety (n) |
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