HSCHSC Seen

HSC Unit : Two; Lesson 2; Science and Technology Against an Age-old Disease

When I started working on the research and science of leprosy more than a decade ago, people thought this chronic infectious disease would eliminate itself and burn out over time.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ• āĻĻāĻļāĻ•ā§‡āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻ—āĻŦā§‡āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡, āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻ­ā§‡āĻŦā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āĻ˜āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§‚āĻ° āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡āĨ¤

We didn’t have time for that. Why? Nearly 250,000 new cases of leprosy are diagnosed every year, and many more go undetected. Approximately 10 percent of new cases occur in children.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨? āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ 250,000 āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻ›āĻ°, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ 10 āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ˜āĻŸā§‡āĨ¤

Even though it’s associated with biblical times, leprosy remains a problem in the modern era and was reported in 130 countries worldwide.

āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻŦā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻœāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤, āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ— āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§€ ā§§ā§Šā§Ļ āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻļā§‡ āĻ°āĻŋāĻĒā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤

It’s most prevalent in a number of countries throughout Africa, Asia and South America. Symptoms include progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes but they can take several years to appear, making the disease hard to diagnose at an early stage.

āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ āĻāĻ° ​​āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āĻāĻļāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ†āĻŽā§‡āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻžq āĻĻā§‡āĻļāĻœā§āĻĄāĻŧā§‡ āĨ¤āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ­ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻ•, āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§, āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻšā§‹āĻ–ā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļā§€āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§€ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ“āĻ ā§‡ āĨ¤

Even worse, leprosy comes with a stigma. Unlike most other diseases, leprosy results in isolation, as people with leprosy are often shunned.

āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ–āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĒ, āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§€ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻļāĻ‡ āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤

The good news, however, is Greatest Scientific Achievements that we now have the key scientific solutions and momentum as well as key collaborations to finally have the opportunity to eliminate leprosy.

āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻš’āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻŦā§ˆāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻšāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤āĻž āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻā§‚āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤

I couldn’t have said this 10 years ago…. At IDRI, we are also attacking leprosy in two different ways.

āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ 10 ​​āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ … āĻ†āĻ‡āĻĄāĻŋāĻ†āĻ°āĻ†āĻ‡-āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖāĻ“ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤

First, by developing a fast, easy-to-use test that provides an early diagnosis of infection before clinical symptoms, such as nerve damage, begin to appear.

āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¤, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤, āĻ¸āĻšāĻœā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

This new approach is far superior to the traditional method of diagnosis, which has generally involved clinical and/or microscopic assessment.

āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻœāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ / āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĨ¤

IDRI is also developing a companion test so that we can identify which people will likely progress to the disease and to determine the appropriate course of treatment.

āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻœāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ / āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ‡āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§‹āĻĒāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĨ¤

And, second, by developing a vaccine that can be used therapeutically in conjunction with antibiotics to shorten therapy.

āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻĨā§‡āĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĨā§‡āĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĨ¤

IDRI’s diagnostic tools would be used to identify infected individuals and IDRI’s vaccine would then be used on a targeted basis for treatment of the patient as well as to immunize family members and close contacts.

āĻ†āĻ‡āĻĄāĻŋāĻ†āĻ°āĻ†āĻ‡ āĻāĻ° āĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžā§āĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻĄāĻŋāĻ†āĻ°āĻ†āĻ‡ āĻāĻ° āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§€āĻ° āĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ˜āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ  āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻœāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤

This treatment and prevention strategy has been significantly bolstered by support from some pharmaceutical giants that donate the currently used antibiotics.

āĻāĻ‡ āĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§‹āĻ§ā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāĻ˛āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻžāĻ› āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ¯āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§‹āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ āĻœāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĨ¤

The most exciting part of this breakthrough is the fact that were now right on the course of human clinical trials after a decade of leprosy vaccine development.

āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻĨā§āĻ°ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ‰āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§‡āĻœāĻ¨āĻžāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻš’āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻļāĻ•ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻĻāĻļāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĨ¤

The Food and Drug Administration will initially oversee the multi-stage trials in the USA before they move on to the Philippines, India and Brazil.

āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ¯ āĻ“ āĻ“āĻˇā§āĻ§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻŸāĻŋ-āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻœ āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¤āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻĒāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨, āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĨ¤

Global technology has been an integral part of our quest to eliminate leprosy. The rapid diagnostic test for leprosy infection, for example, was developed in conjunction with a Brazilian company.

āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§€āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻŦā§ˆāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĻĻā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž, āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒ, āĻāĻ•āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§‹āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡āĨ¤

This company combined IDRI’s leprosy diagnostic antigens with a smart phone-based platform that standardizes the ability to accurately interpret results and get a quantitative value.

āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ†āĻ‡āĻĄāĻŋāĻ†āĻ°āĻ†āĻ‡’āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—āĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸ āĻĢā§‹āĻ¨-āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŸāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻĢāĻ˛āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž  āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžā§ŸāĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

The test requires just a single drop of blood, mixed with a developing reagent. The appearance of two lines indicates that the person is positive for leprosy.

āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĢā§‹āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻļā§€āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§‡āĻāĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ˛āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•āĨ¤

From there, the information from the phone is pushed to the person’s medical records.

āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡, āĻĢā§‹āĻ¨ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŋāĻ ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŽā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ°ā§‡āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻĄāĨ¤

People around the world now believe we will soon have the tools to finally eliminate leprosy. The next step is making this disease disappear.

āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻœā§āĻĄāĻŧā§‡ āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻļā§€āĻ˜ā§āĻ°āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžā§āĻœāĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻĒā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻĻā§ƒāĻļā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĢā§‡āĻ˛āĻžāĨ¤

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

1.Antigen

2.Symptom

3.Stigma

4.Momentum

5.Microscope

6.Therapy

7.Eliminate

8.Quantitative

9.Gene

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

1./noun/ āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ°ā§‹āĻ—āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§-āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§‹āĻ§āĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ¸ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡;

2. /noun/ āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻ—, āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨

3./noun/ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ™ā§āĻ•, āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻž, āĻ˛ā§‹āĻšāĻž;āĻ›ā§‡āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻžāĻ—

4./noun/ āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻ—, āĻ­āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ—,āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻž

5./noun/ āĻ…ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°

6./noun/ āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ, āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤; āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨, āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ

7./verb/ āĻĻā§‚āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž. āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž; āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

8. /adj/ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻ—āĻ¤, āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•

9./noun/ āĻœā§€āĻ¨; āĻ•ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽā§‹āĻ¸ā§‹āĻŽā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§ˆāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ¯āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡; āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§;

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

9. Antibiotics

10. Chronic

11. Immunise

12. Therapeutic

13. Reagent

14. Synthesis

15. Standard

16. Elimination

17. Diagnosis

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

9. /noun/ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§-āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§‡āĻžāĻ§ā§€ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ;

10.  /adj/ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āĻ˜āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžā§Ÿā§€; āĻŦāĻšā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ°

11.  /verb/ āĻ…āĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž;

12. /adjective/āĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ—āĻ¤; āĻ­ā§ˆāĻˇāĻœ;

13. /noun/ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻ•, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻœāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§

14, /noun/ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻļā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻˇāĻŖ, āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§Ÿ, āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻžā§ŸāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻžāĻ˛ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨

15. /noun/ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ¨; āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻž

16.  /noun/ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻœāĻ¨, āĻ…āĻĒāĻ¨ā§ŸāĻ¨; āĻ…āĻĒāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ

17. /noun/ āĻ°ā§‹āĻ— āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§Ÿ

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

18. Donation

19. Undetected

20. Infectious

21. Prevalent

22. Progressive

23. Isolation

24. Shunned

25. Collaborations

26. Assessment

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

18.  /noun/ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĻāĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻŸāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻœāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ°

19. /adj/ āĻ…āĻ˛āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤; āĻ§āĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§œā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨;

20. /adj/ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ•; āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤

21. /adj/ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻšāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§Ÿā§€

22. /noun/ āĻ…āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļā§€āĻ˛

23. noun(1) āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ; āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ•āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ; āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§€āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ; (2) āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž

24. /verb/ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž; āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻ˛āĻž;

25.  /noun/ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯; āĻ¸āĻšāĻ¯ā§‡āĻžāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤āĻž;

26. noun(1) āĻ•āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ; āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻ°; (2) āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžā§ŸāĻ¨;

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
Vocabulary

27. Companion

28. Therapeutically

29. Bolstered

30. Interpret

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

27. /verb/ āĻ¸āĻšāĻšāĻ°, āĻ¸āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§€

28. /adjective/ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§‡āĻ§āĻ•;

29.  /verb/ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ ā§‡āĻ¸ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨; āĻ–āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨; āĻ ā§‡āĻ¸ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨;

30.  /verb/ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž, āĻ­āĻžāĻˇāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž