HSCHSC Seen

HSC Unit: 12; Lesson: 4; Threats to Tiger of Mangrove Forest

A vast mangrove forest shared by Bangladesh and India that is home to possibly 500 Bengal tigers is being rapidly destroyed by erosion, rising sea levels and storm surges, according to a major study by researchers at the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and others.

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻœā§ā§œā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ­ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻžÂ  āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāĻ¤ ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ (āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ˛) āĻŦā§‡āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ˛ āĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻ—āĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻœā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ“āĻ˛āĻœāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§‹āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋ (āĻœā§‡āĻāĻ¸āĻāĻ˛) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§‹āĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ—āĻŦā§‡āĻˇāĻ•āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§āĻ¯ āĻ—āĻŦā§‡āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§Ÿ, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻ“ āĻā§œ-āĻœāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšā§āĻ›ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

The Sundarbans forest took the brunt of super cyclone Sidr in 2007, but new satellite studies show that 71% of the forested coastline is retreating by as much as 200 metres a year.

āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§­ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ• āĻ˜ā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻā§œ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻĄāĻ°-āĻāĻ° āĻ§āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻšā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§€āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ—āĻŦā§‡āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻŦāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¤āĻŸāĻ°ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻļāĻ¤āĻ•āĻ°āĻž ā§­ā§§ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ…āĻžā§āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§€āĻ¨ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

If erosion continues at this pace, already threatened tiger populations living in the forests will be put further at risk.

āĻ­ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§Ÿ āĻāĻ‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻšā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ˜ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒā§œāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

Natalie Pettorelli, one of the report’s authors, said: “Coastline retreat is evident everywhere. A continuing rate of retreat would see these parts of the mangrove disappear within 50 years.

āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛ā§€ āĻĒā§‡āĻŸā§‹āĻ°â€ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§€, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ–āĻ• āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, “ āĻ¤āĻŸāĻ°ā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ…āĻĒāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§€ā§ŸāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ­ā§‡āĻ° āĻ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§€āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

On the Indian side of the Sundarbans, the island which extends most into the Bay of Bengal has receded by an average of 150 metres a year, with a maximum of just over 200 metres; this would see the disappearance of the island in about 20 years.”

āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ āĻŦāĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻ¸āĻžāĻ—āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻœā§ā§œā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻšā§āĻš ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āĻ¨āĻ¸āĻš āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ—ā§œā§‡ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāĻŸāĻžāĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ¸ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡; āĻ¯āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ ā§¨ā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒāĻŸāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤

The Sundarbans is known for vanishing islands but the scientists said the current retreat of the mangrove forests on the southern coastline is not normal.

āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§€ā§ŸāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒā§‡āĻ° āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡Â  āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¨ā§€āĻ°āĻžÂ  āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻŖ āĻ¤āĻŸāĻ°ā§‡āĻ–āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ­ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¨ā§ŸāĨ¤

“The causes for increasing coastline retreat, other than direct anthropogenic ones, include increased frequency of storm surges and other extreme natural events, rises in sea-level and increased salinity which increases the vulnerability of mangroves,” said Pettorelli.

“āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻžāĻ“ āĻ¤āĻŸāĻ°ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ§āĻŋāĻ•āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ˜āĻ¨āĻ˜āĻ¨ āĻā§œ- āĻœāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšā§āĻ›ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ˛āĻŦāĻŖāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§‹āĻ­ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤Â  āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹āĻ“ āĻŦā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡, “ āĻĒā§‡āĻŸā§‹āĻ°â€ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§€ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤

“Our results indicate a rapidly retreating coastline that cannot be accounted for by the regular dynamics of the Sundarbans.

“āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛āĻžāĻĢāĻ˛āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖāĻļā§€āĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻŸāĻ°ā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ• āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤

Degradation is happening fast, weakening this natural shield for India and Bangladesh.”

āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡, āĻ¯āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻļ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ•āĻŦāĻšāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

“As human development thrives, and global temperature continues to rise, natural protection from tidal waves and cyclones is being degraded at alarming rates.

“āĻ¯ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§ŸāĻ¨ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ›ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦā§ˆāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻŦā§‡ā§œā§‡āĻ‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ¤ā§ āĻœāĻ˛ā§‹āĻšā§āĻ›ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ“ āĻ˜ā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻā§œ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻŦāĻš āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ•āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āĻ¸āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤

This will inevitably lead to species loss in this richly biodiversity part of the world, if nothing is done to stop it.”

āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āĻ° āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻŦā§ˆāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ƒāĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻœāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§‹āĻĒ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻžāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ “

“The Sundarbans is a critical tiger habitat; one of only a handful of remaining forests big enough to hold several hundred tigers.

āĻœā§‡āĻĄāĻāĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻžāĻ˜ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§‡āĻˇāĻœā§āĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ¨, “āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ˜ā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•āĻŸāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨; āĻ¯ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ•āĻļāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ˜āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻĨā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻŦā§œā§‹ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻŽā§āĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽā§‡ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ¤āĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽāĨ¤

To lose the Sundarbans would be to move a step closer to the extinction of these majestic animals,” said ZSL tiger expert Sarah Christie.

āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ—ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡Â  āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻœāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§€āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻāĻ• āĻ§āĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤ “

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
New Word

1.Mangrove (n)

2.Rapidly (adv)

3.Destroy (v)

4.Erosion (n)

5.Brunt (n)

6.Coastline (n)

7.Retreat (n)

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

1.āĻ‰āĻˇā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻ˛ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻŦā§ƒāĻ•ā§āĻˇ

2.āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡

3.āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āĻ¸

4.āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§Ÿ/ āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āĻ¨

5.āĻ†āĻ˜āĻžāĻ¤; āĻšāĻžāĻĒ; āĻ§āĻ•āĻ˛

6.āĻ¤āĻŸāĻ°ā§‡āĻ–āĻž, āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ•ā§‚āĻ˛āĻ°ā§‡āĻ–āĻž

7.āĻĒāĻļā§āĻšāĻžāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
New Word

08. Threaten (v)

09. Evident (adj)

10. Disappear (v)

11. Extend (v)

12. Recede (v)

13. Vanish (v)

14. Anthropogenic (adj)

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

ā§Ļā§Ž. āĻšā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž

ā§Ļā§¯. āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻŸ, āĻ¸āĻšāĻœāĻŦā§‹āĻ§ā§āĻ¯

ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§€āĻ¨ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž

ā§§ā§§. āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž

ā§§ā§¨. āĻ¸āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž, āĻ…āĻĒāĻ¸ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž

ā§§ā§Š. āĻ…āĻĻā§ƒāĻļā§āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž, āĻ˛ā§‹āĻĒ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž

ā§§ā§Ē. āĻ¨ā§ƒāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
New Word

15. Frequency (n)

16. Salinity (n)

17. Vulnerability (n)

18. Indicate (v)

19. Account for (v)

20. Shield ((n)

21. Degrade (v)

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻĒā§āĻ¨:āĻĒā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨

ā§§ā§Ŧ. āĻ˛āĻŦāĻŖāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻ¤āĻž

ā§§ā§­. āĻ…āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž

ā§§ā§Ž. āĻ¸ā§‚āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž, āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§§ā§¯. āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ–ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§¨ā§Ļ. āĻ°āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ•āĻŦāĻš ; āĻĸāĻžāĻ˛

ā§¨ā§§. āĻ…āĻ§āĻƒāĻĒāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
New Word

22. Inevitably (adj)

23. Biodiversity (adj)

24. Extinction (n)

āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ°

ā§¨ā§¨. āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡

ā§¨ā§Š. āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻŦā§ˆāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°

ā§¨ā§Ē. āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻŋ