JSC Unit : 9; Lesson :2(B); The History Of The Wheel
Mr Ramis  : You know that invention of the wheel has helped to create a new civilization. But do you know who first used wheels?
āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ: āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯ā§, āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛?
Rubina: No, teacher. But I guess it may be the Greeks.
āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻž: āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°! āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻšā§ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
Mr Ramis : The Greeks were pioneers in many things. But in this case, however, the Mesopotamians were the first. The oldest ever wheel was discovered in Mesopotamia. It was in 3500 BC.
āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ: āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻāĻŖ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĒāĻĨāĻŋāĻā§ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŽā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦ ā§Šā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĨ¤
Rubina: Where is Mesopotamia?
āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻž: āĻŽā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻž āĻā§āĻĨāĻžā§?
Mr. Ramis: Well, Mesopotamia was in ancient Iraq. It was along the valley of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. After the Mesopotamians, the wheel was further improved by the Egyptians. They first made wheels with spokes. Then they used them on chariots around 2000 BC.
āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ: āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž, āĻŽā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻž āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ āĻāĻāĻĢā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ¨āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻ°āĨ¤ āĻŽā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻžāĻ¨āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ°ā§ā§āĻāĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻ (āĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ) āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻ°āĻĨā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
Rubina: So the wheel travelled to Egypt from Mesopotamia?
āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻž: āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻŽāĻŋā§āĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛?
Mr Ramis: Exactly. But it travelled eastwards too. Wheels reached the Indus Valley by 3000 BC. But chariots with spoked wheels were made in ancient India in around 1500 B.C. They were used for war, hunting and racing.
āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ: āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦ ā§Šā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻžā§ āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§, āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻĻā§ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āĨ¤
Rubina: What abot the Greeks, teacher? Didn’t they use wheels?
āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻž: āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ° āĻā§, āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°? āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻŋ?
Mr Ramis: They definitely did. In 1500 BC, the Greeks too learnt the idea of wheel-making from the Egyptians. They also made further improvements on it. Later, the Romans did the same too the produced a variety of wheeled vehicles.
āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ: āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ°ā§ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻ˛āĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
English | āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻž |
01.  Create (v)
02.  Guess (v) 03.  Pioneers (n) 04.  Discover (v) 05.  Ancient (adj) 06.  Improve (v) 07.  Chariot (n) 08.  Travel (v) 09.  Further (adv) 10.  Egypt (n) 11.  Eastwards (adv) 12.  Reach (v) 13.  Racing (n) 14.  Produce (v) 15.  Variety (n) |
ā§Ļā§§. āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻž
ā§Ļā§¨. āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§Ļā§Š. āĻĒāĻĨāĻŋāĻā§ā§, āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻĻā§āĻ¤ ā§Ļā§Ē. āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§Ļā§Ģ. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨ ā§Ļā§Ŧ. āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§Ļā§. āĻ°āĻĨ ā§Ļā§Ž. āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§Ļā§¯. āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ° ā§§ā§§. āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ ā§§ā§¨. āĻĒā§āĻžāĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ ā§§ā§Š. āĻĻā§ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯ā§āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻž ā§§ā§Ē. āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻž ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ° |