JSC Seen📖Class VIII

JSC Unit : 9; Lesson :2(B); The History Of The Wheel

Mr Ramis   : You know that invention of the wheel has helped to create a new civilization. But do you know who first used wheels?

āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻœ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ: āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‡, āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ­ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¸ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛?

Rubina: No, teacher. But I guess it may be the Greeks.

āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻž: āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°! āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§‡āĻ° āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

Mr Ramis : The Greeks were pioneers in many things. But in this case, however, the Mesopotamians were the first. The oldest ever wheel was discovered in Mesopotamia. It was in 3500 BC.

āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻœ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ: āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ—āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻĒāĻĨāĻŋāĻ•ā§ƒā§Ž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¸ā§‹āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻšā§€āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŽā§‡āĻ¸ā§‹āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ ā§Šā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĨ¤

Rubina: Where is Mesopotamia?

āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻž: āĻŽā§‡āĻ¸ā§‹āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻ•ā§‹āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ?

Mr. Ramis: Well, Mesopotamia was in ancient Iraq. It was along the valley of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. After the Mesopotamians, the wheel was further improved by the Egyptians. They first made wheels with spokes. Then they used them on chariots around 2000 BC.

āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻœ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ: āĻ†āĻšā§āĻ›āĻž, āĻŽā§‡āĻ¸ā§‹āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻšā§€āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻ°āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ“ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻĢā§āĻ°ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ¨āĻĻā§€āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻ°āĻžāĻŦāĻ°āĨ¤ āĻŽā§‡āĻ¸ā§‹āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻžāĻ¨āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ°ā§€ā§ŸāĻ—āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ƒāĻ• āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§‹āĻ• (āĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ) āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ–ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡ āĻ°āĻĨā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

Rubina: So the wheel travelled to Egypt from Mesopotamia?

āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻž: āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŽā§‡āĻ¸ā§‹āĻĒāĻŸā§‡āĻŽāĻŋā§ŸāĻž āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛?

Mr Ramis: Exactly. But it travelled eastwards too. Wheels reached the Indus Valley by 3000 BC. But chariots with spoked wheels were made in ancient India in around 1500 B.C. They were used for war, hunting and racing.

āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻœ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ: āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡āĻ“ āĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ–āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āĻ°āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ ā§Šā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ŒāĻ›ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§Ÿ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻšā§€āĻ¨ āĻ­āĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ“ āĻĻā§Œā§œ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻŋāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‹āĨ¤

Rubina: What abot the Greeks, teacher? Didn’t they use wheels?

āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻž: āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ–āĻŦāĻ° āĻ•ā§€, āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°? āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋ?

Mr Ramis: They definitely did. In 1500 BC, the Greeks too learnt the idea of wheel-making from the Egyptians. They also made further improvements on it. Later, the Romans did the same too the produced a variety of wheeled vehicles.

āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻœ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ: āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ–ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ ā§§ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ…āĻŦā§āĻĻā§‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ°ā§€ā§ŸāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ•āĻŸ āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ¤ā§ˆāĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻ˛āĻžāĻ­ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ“ āĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ°ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĻžāĻ“ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤

 

English āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
01.   Create (v)

02.   Guess (v)

03.   Pioneers (n)

04.   Discover (v)

05.   Ancient (adj)

06.   Improve (v)

07.   Chariot (n)

08.   Travel (v)

09.   Further (adv)

10.   Egypt (n)

11.   Eastwards (adv)

12.   Reach (v)

13.   Racing (n)

14.   Produce (v)

15.   Variety (n)

ā§Ļā§§. āĻ¸ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§Ļā§¨. āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§Ļā§Š. āĻĒāĻĨāĻŋāĻ•ā§ƒā§Ž, āĻ…āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻĻā§‚āĻ¤

ā§Ļā§Ē. āĻ†āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§Ļā§Ģ. āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻšā§€āĻ¨

ā§Ļā§Ŧ. āĻ‰āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§Ļā§­. āĻ°āĻĨ

ā§Ļā§Ž. āĻ­ā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§Ļā§¯. āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ

ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ°

ā§§ā§§. āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡

ā§§ā§¨. āĻĒā§‡āĻžāĻāĻ›āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹

ā§§ā§Š. āĻĻā§Œā§œ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯ā§‹āĻ—āĻ¤āĻŋāĻž

ā§§ā§Ē. āĻ¸ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž

ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻŦā§ˆāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°